Abstract: Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is a precision radiotherapy technology for tumors. On the international stage, Japan stands out as a representative country where BNCT has progressed into a mature clinical phase. Although China started relatively late, it has made rapid advancements through independent research and development in accelerator and neutron source equipment, domestically produced boron drugs, and clinical validation of therapeutic efficacy. In several key indicators, China has now reached internationally advanced levels. Looking ahead, efforts should be prioritized toward the development of thirdgeneration boronbased drugs, the standardization of treatment protocols, and cost reduction to enhance treatment accessibility—ultimately aiming to build a competitive BNCT clinical application and technological innovation system.