Abstract: Bladder tumor is a common disease in the urinary system, posing a serious threat to patients' health and quality of life. The standard surgical method for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer is transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT), while transurethral holmium laser, as a new type of minimally invasive treatment, has shown unique advantages in the treatment of bladder tumors. The article first introduces the epidemiological characteristics of bladder tumors and the limitations of traditional treatment methods, and then elaborates on the technical principles, development history of holmium laser as well as its application status in the treatment of bladder tumors. By analyzing clinical research data, it compares the differences in therapeutic effects between holmium laser and other treatment methods. The article also discusses the key points of surgical techniques, perioperative management strategies, and measures for the prevention and treatment of complications. Finally, this paper points out the current technical challenges and future development directions in holmium laser treatment, providing references for clinical practice and research.