2017 Vol. 44 No. 12
To investigate the effect of aspirin on the proliferation of human lung cancer PC14 cells and explore the underlying mechanisms.
PC14 cells and A549 cells were treated with 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 mmol/L aspirin for 48 h, and cell proliferation was examined by MTT and colony formation assay. In order to explore the relationship between the proliferation-enhancing effect of low-dose aspirin and ERK activation, PC14 cells were pretreated with 10μmol/L PD98059 (a specific inhibitor of ERK) for 30 min, and then stimulated by different concentrations of aspirin for 48 h or 7 d, and cell proliferation was tested by MTT and colony formation assay. Western blot was employed to examine the effect of aspirin on ERK activation.
Aspirin at low concentration promoted human lung cancer PC14 and A549 cells growth and induced ERK activation in PC14 cells. PD98059 pretreatment significantly inhibited aspirin-induced proliferation of PC14 cells.
Low concentration of aspirin could promote the growth of human lung cancer PC14 cells, which may be related to the activation of ERK.
To investigate the effects of hyperoside(Hyp) on the proliferation and apoptosis of human gastric cell line MKN-45 and its mechanism.
Gastric cells MKN-45 cultured in vitro were treated with various concentrations of hyperoside(0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200μg/ml) for 24 and 48h. Cell proliferation was examined by MTT which could screen suitable drug concentration; cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry; NF-κB P65, casepase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax protein expressions were examined by Western blot.
Hyperoside could inhibit the growth of MKN-45 cells observably, it also blocked cell cycle at G0/G1 stage and induced cell apoptosis. Western blot showed that hyperoside could reduce the expression of NF-κB P65, Bcl-2 protein and elevate the expression of caspase-3, Bax protein with the increase of drug concentration.
Hyperoside could inhibit the growth of MKN-45 cells and induce cell apoptosis. The mechanism might be related to blocking cell cycle, inhibiting NF-κB pathway, reducing the expression of NF-κB P65 and Bcl-2 protein and elevating the expression of caspase-3 and Bax protein.
To evaluate the clinical trials of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) on gastric cancer peritoneal carcinomatosis (GC PC).
The published clinical trials of CRS+HIPEC on GC PC were critically evaluated, with survival and safety as the primary endpoints.
The natural course of GC PC was < 5 months. CRS+HIPEC could improve the overall survival (OS). In prospective studies, the median OS was 11.0 months in the CRS+HIPEC group. In retrospective studies, the median OS was 13.3 months in the CRS+HIPEC group. The perioperative mortality was less than 6.5%, and there was no statistically significant increase in serious adverse events directly attributable to CRS+HIPEC.
CRS+HIPEC is a promising integrated treatment strategy for GC PC to produce improved treatment efficacy, and should be recommended as the first treatment choice for selected patients with GC PC.
To identify the relationships between irradiated dosimetric parameters of bone marrow (BM) and hematologic toxicities in locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG) patients treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT).
We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 60 AEG patients treated with concurrent oxaliplatin-capecitabine and radiotherapy in the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from Dec. 2013 to May 2016. The relationship between irradiated dosimetric parameters of bone marrow (BM) and hematologic toxicity (HT) was evaluated.
Among 60 patients with AEG, 55% (33/60) developed grade ≥2 acute HT, 11.67% (7/60) developed neutropenia, 1.67% (1/60) developed anemia and 33.33% (20/60) developed thrombocytopenia. Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that ribs V30 (P=0.034), ribsV35 (P=0.008), ribsV40 (P=0.018), ribsV45 (P=0.016) and BM-T V25 (P=0.026) were associated with increased risk of grade ≥2 leukopenia; ribsV30(P=0.033) was associated with increased risk of grade ≥2 thrombocytopenia; sternumV20 (P=0.041), sternumV25 (P=0.019), sternumV35 (P=0.034) and BM-T V25 (P=0.035) were associated with increased risk of grade ≥2 HT. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that ribsV35 and BM-T V25 were associated with increased risk of grade ≥2 leukopenia, and BM-T V25 was associated with increased risk of grade ≥2 HT.
Reducing the irradiated dosage of bone marrow may decrease the risk of grade ≥2 hematologic toxicity in locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction patients treated with preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy.
To investigate the prognostic value of the preoperative platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) collected from peripheral blood of esophageal cancer (EC) patients.
The clinical data of 137 patients who underwent esophagectomy from January 2010 to December 2011 were analyzed retrospectively. According to preoperative PLR and NLR, the patients were divided into low PLR group (PLR < 120) and high PLR group (PLR≥120) or low NLR group (PLR < 120) and high PLR group (PLR≥120). Disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed using Kaplan-Meier method. The prognostic significance of both markers was then determined by both univariate and multivariate analytical methods.
The high PLR group had a much lower 5-year OS compared with the low PLR group (30.9% vs. 50.7%, P=0.017) as well as DFS (30.9% vs. 47.8%, P=0.033). The high NLR group had a much lower 5-year OS compared with the low NLR group (29.0% vs. 52.9%, P=0003) as well as DFS (29.0% vs. 50.0%, P=0.006). Multivariate analysis revealed that the differentiation, clinical stage and NLR were identified as independent risk factors for poor prognosis of EC patients.
PLR and NLR might predict the prognosis of EC patients. NLR could be an independent predictive factor for EC.
To evaluate the prognostic value of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ breast cancer patients before and after treatment.
A clinical retrospective analysis was performed with complete data from 476 stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ breast cancer patients who received treatment in the Department of Oncology of Guizhou Cancer Hospital from 2003 to 2012. The median follow-up time was 61 months. Patients' serum levels of ALP and LDH were detected before and within one week after treatment and then their relationship with recurrence and metastasis rates, PFS and OS were analyzed.
For stageⅠ-Ⅲ breast cancer patients, OS and PFS in the high ALP level group after treatment were significantly shorter than those in the low ALP level group(P < 0.05). The PFS in the high LDH level group after treatment was significantly shorter than that in the low LDH level group (P < 0.05). The relapse/metastasis rate in the high LDH level group after treatment was significantly higher than that in the low LDH level group(P < 0.05).
ALP and LDH levels after treatment could be used as the prognostic factors for OS and PFS of stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ breast cancer patients. LDH level after treatment could provide some reference for recurrence and metastasis.
To investigate the value of 18F-FDG distribution in differentiation diagnosis of high metabolic lung lesions.
We included 102 patients who had lung lesions and underwent PET/CT in this study. The lesions had high and inhomogeneous FDG uptake. All the lesions had pathology results with puncture or surgery. Lung cancer group included 71 cases, inflammatory lesions group included 31 cases. The SUVmax ratio of the proximal/distal part of the lesion (P/D value) was measured and calculated. The ratios were divided into two types, P/D > 1 or P/D < 1. The difference between the two groups was compared by Chi-square test.
Lung cancer group was mainly with P/D > 1, accounting for 91.5% (65/71), inflammatory lesions group was mainly with P/D < 1, accounting for 80.6% (25/31), the difference between the two groups is statistically significant (P < 0.001).
The FDG activation distribution in lung cancer is higher in proximal part, while that in inflammatory lesion is higher in distal part. The FDG activation distribution is valuable for high metabolic lung lesions, to reduce the false positive diagnosis of 18F-FDG PET/CT.
To explore the feasibility and short-term efficacy of "Head-central mixed way" in laparoscopic radical operation of right colon cancer.
We retrospectively analyzed and compared the clinical data of 30 patients who carried out the laparoscopic radical operation of right colon cancer using the "Head-Central mixed way"(HCMW group) and 50 patients using the "Central way" (CW group).
The mean number of removal lymph node was not significantly different between two groups((21.3±8.12) in the HCMW group vs. (18.9±11.57) in the CW group, P > 0.05). As compared to CW group, the blood loss, the operative time and transfused patient number were less in the HCMW group(P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in postoperative complication rate or mortality between HCMW group and CW group(P > 0.05).
Laparoscopic radical resection of the right colon cancer using "Head-central mixed way" is safe and feasible. The surgical methods are easy to grasp and form a standard.
To compare the clinical efficiency and safety between radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and stereotactic body radiotherapy(SBRT) on primary small hepatocellular carcinoma patients with tumor diameter ≤5 cm.
We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 86 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in He'nan Province Tumor Hospital from June 2013 to March 2015, 49 cases in RFA group and 37 cases in SBRT group. The short-term clinical efficiency and adverse effects were compared. The 2-year overall survival(OS) and local control(LC) rate were followed up.
There was no significant difference in the baseline characteristics between two groups. Short-term efficiency and the local control rate were 81.9% and 95.9% in RFA group, while 83.8% and 91.9% in SBRT group, with no significant difference. No severe complications occurred in any patients after treatment. The 1-and 2-year overall survival rates were 95.9% and 85.7% in RFA group, while 91.9% and 83.8% in SBRT group, with no significant difference.
RFA has comparable short-and long-term effects as SBRT on single hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor diameter ≤5 cm, and SBRT may serve as an alternative option of RFA on hepatocellular carcinoma patients who were unavailable for surgical resection.
To investigate the morbidity, clinical manifestations, endoscopic and pathological characteristics of colorectal cancer in the Endoscopic Center of The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College from 2007 to 2016, and further expound the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of colorectal cancer in local district.
All patients treated with colonoscopy in The Affiliated Hospiatal of Zunyi Medical College in the past 10 years were involved. We analyzed and summarized the morbidity of colorectal cancer and colorectal cancer patients' gender and age, tumor location and pathological type retrospectively.
We examined 51732 cases by colonoscopy in the past 10 years, among which 2127(4.11%) cases were colorectal cancer(1267 males and 860 females; 714 cases of colon cancer and 1413 cases of rectal cancer). The peak age of onset was 50-79 years old, especially 60-69 years old. Adenocarcinoma was the mainly pathological classification, especially well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, and they were not significantly different in gender. But the number of female patients with signet-ring cell carcinoma were more than male patients (P < 0.05).
In recent years, the incidence of colorectal cancer has been increasing in the north of Guizhou Province. The number of male patients is more than females. The incidence of rectal cancer is about two times as much as colon cancer. The female patients with colorectal cancer must be paid attention to the occurrence of signet ring-cell carcinoma in pathological classification. We must strengthen the survey on colorectal cancer, rectal digital examination and colonoscopy in high-risk people, which can improve early diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer.
Podoplanin(PDPN), a type-Ⅰtransmembrane glycoprotein, was expressed in a variety of human tumor cells. C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) is a type-Ⅱ transmembrane glycoprotein. It is a novel receptor for podoplanin, expresses on the surface of platelet and induces platelet activation by interacting with PDPN. Aggregated platelets coat tumor cells during their transit through the bloodstream and mediate adherence to vascular endothelium, evasion from immune molecules, and release of an array of bioactive molecules that facilitate tumor cell extravasation and growth at metastatic sites. It suggests that PDPN and CLEC-2 are promising targets for developing new therapies against cancer metastasis. This review will focus on the mechanisms of PDPN and CLEC-2 in tumor metastasis, summarize and outlook the recent progress of treatment.
As one of the most common tumors, lung cancer imposes a major disease burden in the world. Lung cancer is rare among young people, and there is no conclusion about the concept and incidence of lung cancer in young patients. Different researches have different results about the difference between young and old patients with lung cancer on clinical epidemiologic characteristics, histological types, prognosis and gene mutation. This paper aims to clarify the research progress on lung cancer in young patients and provide evidence and direction for future researches.
The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family is the largest and most diverse family of membrane proteins in eukaryotes. It has seven α-helix transmembrane domains and a wide range of biological functions. In recent years, more and more studies have shown that the disorders of GPCRs are related to cancer, which may be involved in the development and progression of tumors as proto-oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, and GPCR has a diverse signaling mechanism. This paper briefly summarizes the diverse signaling mechanism of GPCRs, and recent research progress of a number of GPCRs in the development and progression of tumor.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare tumor accounting for approximately 1% of all malignant tumors in the salivary gland tissue of head and neck. The main clinical treatment of ACC was depended on surgical operation in the past. Those patients with operable ACC have better clinical outcomes after surgery. However, as ACC cannot be completely excised by surgery, the residual of tumor cells is the independent risk factor for the recurrence of ACC. Therefore, radiotherapy was usually used after the operation. However, ACC is a disease resistant to radiation. Comparing to conventional proton beam, carbon ion radiotherapies have better radiophysical features, biological properties and beneficial for tumor control and protection of normal tissues. There are many carbon ion therapy centers worldwide, mainly in Japan, German, America and Shanghai of China. The treatment methods include carbon ion radiotherapy only, combined carbon ion radiotherapy with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), carbon ion radiotherapy for recurrent ACC, pediatric patients and young adults with ACC. In addition, combined carbon ion radiotherapy with targeted drug remains ongoing. The effectiveness and safety of carbon ion have been confirmed in those researches.
