Abstract: Forty cases of local relapse after of rectal cancer retainning anal were analyzed.The results showed that most relapse tumors were in the site of anastomosis and others were in the lymphaden and tissue close to rectum.Tumor relapse was related to the biological characteristics of cancer,pathological patterns, stages of disease and the rectal perimeter occupied by tumor. The rational resection, that is resect enough rectum tube below tumor and lymphaden radical operation could decrease local recurrence and enhance the survival rate.