Abstract: Objection:The present paper is to explore the clinical value and ill reaction to selective arterial drug perfusion on rectal cancer. Method:chemotherapy of selective arterial perfusion was use in the treatment of 48 cases of rectal cancer in their inferior mesenteric&internal iliae artery. Results:(1)CR0%，P R 35. 4%，M R 52.1%,effective rate 35. 4%.(2)40 cases show obvious focus fibrosis at 2nd stage operation .Postoperative pathological analysis conformed a widespread inflammatory cellinfiltration and fibroplastic proliferation. (3)An apparent arrest in the foundation of bone marrowand obvious toxic side reaction in gastrointestinal traotwere found. Also, there was some influence on the liver,heart and immune system.(4)Complications; After operation peritonitis appeared in Scases, among which were 2of intestinal obstruction, and 1 necrosis of left hemicolon. Conclusion:The chemotherapy of selective arterial drug perfusion before an operation reduce the tumor reaction and fibroplastic proliferation around it. Thus increases excision and rate as well as decreases local recurrence rate and possiblity of cancer merastasis. However, it also leads to some toxic side reaction and possible intestinal obstruction and necrosis.