Abstract: As an important biological process, ribosome biogenesis determines the rate of protein synthesis in cells. However, ribosome biogenesis is abnormally regulated in tumors under strong growth pressure. More and more evidences have shown that abnormal ribosome biogenesis might promote tumorigenesis and malignant transformation. It is gradually considered as a feasible therapeutic target for many types of tumors. This article briefly reviews the process of ribosome biogenesis, its abnormality and regulation in tumor, and drug targeting ribosome biogenesis in tumor treatment.