Abstract: Developing the world-renowned leading science associations is the reform idea proposed by China Association for Science and Technology. We choose China Anti-Cancer Association, American Clinical Oncology Society, American Association for Cancer Research and Union for International Cancer Control as research subjects to analyze the common points and the differences of operational model and governance system using the method of literature review and comparative analytical approach. Based on the study, this article explores a feasible way to achieve the purpose of establishing the world-renowned cancer societies in China.