Abstract: Non-small cell lung cancer accounts for 75%-80% of all lung cancers, and the 5-year survival rate is only 15%. Recently, people's awareness of the precision medicine project of lung cancer has been significantly improved, but the treatment of NSCLC and driver gene-negative patients is still facing challenge and limitation. The prognosis of patients with advanced stage is still poor. Immunotherapy plays an anti-tumor role by restoring or enhancing anti-tumor T cell immune response by blocking the immune checkpoint, or T cell receptor-mediated T cell immunotherapy targeting most of tumor specific antigens. However, only the clinical trials of checkpoint inhibitors show that the objective response rate of non-selective population is 10%-20%, most NSCLC patients can't benefit from immunotherapy, so the screening of the dominant population is still very important. At present, PD-L1 is the most commonly used prognostic marker, but it still has some limitations and can not be used as a routine marker in clinical practice. Other studies have shown that tumor mutation burden, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and microsatellite instability are important biomarkers for predicting the efficacy of immunotherapy. In this paper, we will present a systematic review of biomarkers related to immunotherapy in current clinical studies.