Abstract: Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI) show great efficacy on advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR mutations. But whether adjuvant treatment with EGFR-TKI could improve the outcomes of patients with fully resected NSCLC remains unknown. Some studies show a trend toward improvement in disease free survival (DFS) among individuals with resected stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ lung adenocarcinomas harboring mutations in EGFR exons 19 or 21 who received EGFR-TKIs as adjuvant therapy. In other exploratory clinical trials, the patients treated with EGFR-TKIs as adjuvant therapy did not show any survival benefit. To date, there are different research results of adjuvant EGFR-TKIs treatment on NSCLC patients because of patients selection, EGFR-TKIs duration and drug resistance. There are several ongoing prospective clinical trials of adjuvant therapy with EGFR-TKIs on patients with resected stage Ⅱ-ⅢA NSCLC harboring EGFR mutations and the results are worth expecting. Till now, adjuvant EGFR-TKIs treatment can not be routinely recommended in clinical practice but only in clinical trials.