Abstract: Objective To investigate the clinical application of recombinant human granulocyte colonystimulating factor(rhG-CSF) and recombinant human granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor(rhGM-CSF) mobilization on human peripheral blood monocytes for dendritic cell-based tumor vaccine. Methods We randomly divided 134 tumor patients using dendritic cell(DC) vaccine in the Ceuter of Tumor Biological Therapy, 81 Hospital of PLA from August 2011 to December 2013 into two groups as follows: rhG-CSF group (n=69) and rhGM-CSF group (n=65). rhG-CSF group were injected rhG-CSF subcutaneously 3μg/(kg·d) and rhGM-CSF group were injected rhGM-CSF subcutaneously 3μg/(kg·d) before apheresis using a blood cell separator. Blood routine examination was taken before and after mobilization. The number and phenotype of peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) in final apheresis products of two groups were analyzed as well as DC numbers. The phenotypes of DC and cytokines expression were analyzed. Results After mobilization, peripheral blood monocytes counting of rhGM-CSF group were higher than that of rhG-CSF group, while neutrophil counting were lower(P≤0.001). There was no significant difference in other two blood routine examination items. The PBMCs quantity of rhGM-CSF group was greater than that of rhG-CSF group(P=0.046) as well as DC quantity(P=0.011). The CD14+ monocytes to mononuclear cell ratio of the two groups showed no significant difference. The surface molecule HLA-DR expression of DC cells in rhGM-CSF group were higher than that in rhG-CSF group(P=0.001) while no significant differences in the expression of CD11C, CD80, CD86, CD83 and CD54 were found between two groups. Th1 and Th2 cytokines expression of DC showed no difference between two groups. Conclusion rhGM-CSF mobilization is better than rhG-CSF mobilization in the progress of preparing dendritic cell-based tumor vaccine via human peripheral blood monocytes.