Abstract: Objective To compare the curative effect of different medicine aerosol inhalation on preventing pulmonary complication after esophagectomy. Methods Selected 120 patients after esophagectomy were randomly divided into two groups, Group A treated by dexamethasone, gentamicin and α-chymotrypsin combined with aerosol inhalation, Group B treated by ambroxol and terbutaline combined with aerosol inhalation. Indexes of arterial blood gases, such as SaO2, PaO2 and PaCO2, at 2, 24, 48 and 72 h after extubation, effect of airway secretions clearance and improvement of respiratory symptoms were evaluated. Extubation time after leaving ICU and occurrence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) were followed up. Results Indexes of arterial blood gases, effect of airway secretions clearance, improvement of respiratory symptoms, extubation time and incidence of PPCs in Group B were improved more significantly than those in Group A (P＜0.05). Conclusion The treatment of ambroxol and terbutaline combined aerosol inhalation could improve airway secretions clearance and respiratory symptoms, shorten extubation time, and reduce postoperative pulmonary complications on esophagus cancer patients after esophagectomy.