Abstract: Objective To determine the relationship between p15^INK4Bgene methylation and disease progress in myelodysplastic syndromes(MDS) patients. Methods Literatures from Cochrane Library, Medline, PubMed, Embase, OVID, Springlink, CBMdisc,VIP,Wangfang and CNKI databases (1979 to 2012) were collected, in which p15^INK4B gene methylation in MDS and sAML(MDS transformed leukemia) patients were reported, RevMan 5.0was used for data statistical analysis. Results A total of 20 trials tested p15^INK4Bgene methylation status, and reported the number of bone marrow original cells in MDS patients; in which nine literatures included SAML patients (690 patients). The p15^INK4Bgene methylation status in the 5% to 19% original cells group of bone marrow was higher than that in <5% the original cells group (RR=0.41, 95%CI: 0.33 to 0.50). The gene methylation in SAML groups was higher than that in 5% to 19% original cells group (RR=0.51, 95%CI: 0.41 to 0.64) Data form 4 articles (including 179 patients) suggested that p15 INK4B gene methylation was related to the disease progression of MDS (RR=3.09,95%CI: 2.04to 4.68). Conclusion p15^INK4B gene methylation was associated with disease progress and leukemia transformation.