Abstract: Objective To evalute the efficacy and safety of modified ProMACE-CytaBOM regimen for relapsed or refractory patients with aggressive NHL. Methods Twenty-seven patients with relapsed or refractory NHL from May 2005 to September 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.They were 19 male and 8 female patients with meadian age of 47 years(range 15 to 74) years old.All patients were treated by modified ProMACE-CytaBOM cycles were repeated every 21 days. Results The overall response rates of all patients were 51.9%(CR 22.2%).The median progression-free survival(PFS) was 7 months and the median overall survival(OS) was 19 months.The median PFS was longer in subgroups patients with B-cell and normal LDH NHL than that in those with T-cell and elevated serum LDHNHL.The median OS was longer in subgroups patients with B-cell，IPI≤2 and normal LDH than that in those with T-cell，IPI＞2 and elevated serum LDHNHL.The major side effects were Ⅱ～Ⅲ grades of bone marrow suppression and Ⅰ～Ⅱ grades of non-myeloid toxicities. Conclusion Modified ProMACE-CytaBOM showed promising activity and acceptable toxicity in relapsed and refractory patients with aggressive NHL.However further investigation was required.