Abstract: Objective To investigate clinical significance of the expression of peripheral blood hnRNP B1(Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein B1) mRNA in NSCLC patients. Method The peripheral blood hnRNP B1 mRNA was detected in 30 NSCLC patients at the third day pre-operation and third day, fifth day,tenth day after operation by real time FQ- RT-PCR. Results The ΔΔCt value of peripheral blood hnRNP B1 mRNA of third day before operation in NSCLC patients was significantly different from fifth and tenth day after operation (P<0.05)，and the same as that of third day after operation. Meantime, there was no significant difference between the ΔΔCt value of fifth day and tenth day post-operation (P>0.05).The ΔΔCt values of squamous cell carcinoma at the third day before and after operation was significantly different from other pathological types. Whereas, the ΔΔCt vere not related with gender, pathological stage or lymph node metastasis. Conclusion The expression level of peripheral blood hnRNP B1 mRNA in NSCLC patients was gradually decreased after operation with a time-dependent manner, which was useful to monitor the therapeutic efficacy and evaluate prognosis or the relapse of tumor. Expression level of peripheral blood hnRNP B1 mRNA in NSCLC patients was related with pathological types.