Abstract: Objective：To study the clinical significance of the expression of thymosinβ10(Tβ10) in human esophageal carcinoma. Methods ：Immunohistochemical （IHC）staining was used to detect the expression of Tβ10 in 70 cases of esophageal carcinoma tissue. The effects of the detected Results： on postoperative survival were analyzed.The cumulative survival rate was calculated by the Life-Tables method and compared by log rank test.The prognostic factors were analyzed by the Cox model. Results ：The positive expression rate (75.71%) of Tβ10 in esophageal carcinoma was much higher than that in normal esophageal mucosa tissue(23.33%).Patients with positive expression of Tβ10 had much lower 5 -year cumulative survival rate (30.2%) than those with negative expression(70.6%） (P＜0.001).Unvariate analysis of prognostic factors associated with postoperative showed Tβ10 and lymph node metastasis had significantly effect on prognosis(P＜0.05), meanwhile gender， age, site and length had no effect.Multivariate analysis showed Tβ10 and lymph node metastasis could be regarded as independent prognostic factor (Cox regression model, P＜0.001). Conclusion ：Tβ10 had significant effect on the postoperative survival of patients with esophageal carcinoma.Tβ10 might be one of the new markers for predicting prognosis of the human esophageal carcinoma.