Abstract: Objective：To study the relationship of the SDF-1 level and the expression of CXCR4 axis with the angiogenesis in the bone marrow of patients with leukemia. Methods ：Four-color multiparametric flow cytometry (FCM) with CD45/SSC gating was used to determine the expression of CXCR4 in the marrow of 55 patients with newly diagnosed leukemia who were chosen as subjects: dipl-antibody ELISA was used to detect SDF-1/VEGF, and the microvessel density (MVD) of bone marrow was determined by immunohistochemical (Envinson) two-step method.Multiple PCR method was used to detect the gene re-arrangement of IgH, TCRγ stains V and J domains; G-differential staining technique was used to carry out cytogentic karyotype analysis. Results ：In the AML group, SDF-1 is(2145.21±329.45)pg/ml and the positive rate of CXCR4 expression is (60.01±18.5)%;in the ALL group SDF-1 is (2549.1±303.4) pg/ml and positive rate of CXCR4 expression is (70.22±12.73)%; in the CML group SDF-1 is (1929.72±253.8) pg/ml and the positive rate of CXCR4 expression is (40.05±16.69)%; in the CRAL group SDF-1 is (2070.98±159.98) pg/ml and the positive rate of CXCR4 expression is (58.4±11.8)%.The remarkable increase in SDF-1 level and the expression rate of CXCR4 is suggestive of statistical significance (P<0.05).In the ALL group SDF-1 level and the expression rate of CXCR4 are higher than those in other groups.In the analysis of the correlated factors and the SDF-1 / CXCR4 expression in leukemia it is found that ALL has a correlation with WBC count in the peripheral blood (r=0.534; 0.567.P<0.01).Acute leukemia accompanied by extra-marrow infiltration has statistical significance (P<0.05).SDF-1 /CXCR4 expression in leukemia has no correlation with factors such as blood platelets count,age,gender bone marrow proliferation degree, chromosomal change， CD34 positive expression in the marrow cells in acute leukemia， gene re -arrangement in IgH， TCRγ stains V and J domains.The coefficient of correlation between SDF-1, CXCR4 and VEGF in the bone marrow of the leukemia patients is 0.552, 0.553 and 0.531, respectively (P<0.05).The three of them have significant correlation. Conclusion ：The content of SDF-1 in bone marrow cells in leukemia and the content of CXCR4 in different cell groups such as initial cell,mature lymphocyte,monocyte and granulocyte are highly increased， with the highest expression of these factors in acute lymphocyte leukemia and the high expression after the relief of acute leukemia.The expression of SDF-1/CXCR4 is related to the WBC count in the peripheral blood in ALL and the extramarrow infiltration accompanying the acute leukemia. The high expression of SDF-1/CXCR4 and VEGF occurs in leukemia and has a correlation between them， and also has a correlation with angiogenesis in leukemia.