Abstract: Objective To investigate the association of polymorphisms of CYP1A1and GSTM1 and their combined role in the risk of susceptibility to esophageal cancer in Han nationality in Xinjiang Province. Methods Polymorphisms of CYP1A1(rs1048943、rs4646421 and rs4646903) and GSTM1(deletion and rs2071487) were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-ligase detection reaction (PCR-LDR) analysis in107 esophageal cancers and 204 non-esophageal cancers. Results The overall genotype and allelotype distributions of CYP1A1 rs1048943 in cases were significantly different from that in controls(χ² =5.52，P=0.019). The GG+AG genotype significantly increased the risk of developing esophageal cancer compared with AA genotype(OR=1.79，OR95% CI:1.10-2.92). The frequency of GSTM1`s genotype (null and non-null) in cases and controls were 68.69%,31.31%, and 48.39%，51.61%，respectively. A significant difference was observed between cases and controls(χ²=10.55，P=0.001；OR=2.34，OR95%CI:1.40-3.91). Conclusion The polymorphism of CYP1A1 rs1048943 and GSTM1 is likely to be associated with the susceptibility to esophageal cancer of Han nationality in Xinjiang Province.