Abstract: Objective IL-1β gene polymorphisms affect the expression of of IL-1β. The induction of IL-1β by H.pylori strongly inhibited acid secretion,which has been supposed to contribute to a high incidence of gastric cancer. However, IL-1B-511 T allele has no influence in gastric acid output according to our recent study. We hypothesized that the expression of proinflammatory cytokine such as IL-1B and TNF-a and activation of NF-κB may be involved in IL-1B-511 T allele associated gastric cancerogenesis. Methods One hundred and five healthy samples from the regions with low incidence of gastric cancer were genotyped for IL-1Beta 511 polymorphisms by PCR-RFLP. The expression of IL-1β, NF-κB and TNF-α were measured using RT-PCR, and NF-κB activity were detected by EMSA. Results In gastric corpus of H.pylori(-) Individuals, the expression of NF-κB and TNF-α were similar and remarkably lower than H.pylori(+) group.In addition, T/T genotype of IL-1B-511 among the H.pylori infected individuals, expressed higher level of NF-κB and TNF-α(1.20±0.17 vs. 0.87±0.18 and 0.94±0.16；1.10±0.16 vs. 0.90±0.15 and 0.97±0.17，F=33.4 and 12.9，P=0.0001 and 0.001,respectively) and induced the strongest NF-κB activity (0.99±0.12 vs. 0.89±0.15 and 0.90±0.14，F=5.6，P=0.005) than that of other two genotypes. Whereas,H.pylor(-) Individuals showed attenuated activity of NF-kB. Conclusion Chronic H.pylori infection induced expression of IL-1β, TNF-α and activate NF-κB activity, which predisposed individuals with IL-1B-511T/T genotype. Our findings suggested TNF-α and NF-κB signaling play crucial role in the relationship between IL-1B gene polymorphism and gastric cancerogenesis.