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诱导乳腺癌免疫“冷”转“热”的新策略

Novel Strategies to Transform Breast Cancer From “Cold Tumor” to “Hot Tumor”

  • 摘要: 作为肿瘤药物治疗的第三次革命,免疫治疗在黑色素瘤、肺癌等恶性实体瘤的治疗中大放异彩。然而,乳腺癌通常被视为“冷肿瘤”,其较弱的免疫原性和免疫反应性限制了免疫治疗的研究进展与临床疗效,仅有少数患者能获益,且可能发生耐药。因此,需要探寻新策略将免疫惰性的“冷肿瘤”转变为免疫活跃的“热肿瘤”,从而扩大乳腺癌免疫治疗的获益人群。本文基于“冷肿瘤”的形成机制,对诱导乳腺癌免疫“冷”转“热”的新策略进行评述,包括增强肿瘤抗原表达、促进免疫浸润以及逆转免疫抑制性微环境等关键环节,并强调了综合治疗提高全身免疫的重要性。

     

    Abstract: Immunotherapy represents the third revolution in the pharmacological treatment of tumors and has demonstrated considerable efficacy in the management of malignant solid tumors, including melanoma and lung cancer. By contrast, breast cancer is frequently categorized as a “cold tumor” because of its limited immunogenicity and immunoreactivity, which hinder research progress and clinical outcomes in immunotherapy. Only a small proportion of patients derive benefits from immunotherapeutic interventions, and the development of drug resistance remains a concern. In this regard, novel strategies should be explored for converting immunologically inert “cold tumors” into immunologically active “hot tumors”, thereby expanding the population that will benefit from breast cancer immunotherapy. This study reviews new strategies to transform breast cancer from “cold tumor” to “hot tumor”. Strategies include enhancing the expression of tumor antigens, promoting immune infiltration, and reversing the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Results also emphasize the importance of comprehensive treatment to enhance systemic immunity.

     

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