Abstract:
Objective: To investigate the abnormal influencing factors of the screening results and detection rate of esophageal cancer in high-risk populations, explore effective intervention measures, and provide support for clinical esophageal cancer screening and diagnosis and treatment work. Methods: From 2008 to 2024, screening and investigation work was conducted, with the observation and research object being the high-risk population in a high-cancer natural village in a high-incidence area for esophageal cancer，a high-incidence area of esophageal cancer. Information on the gender, education level, age, marital status, presence of symptoms of reflux esophagitis (heartburn, regurgitation, belching, hiccup, foreign body sensation in pharynx, difficulty swallowing), consumption of pickled vegetables, salt use, and esophageal cancer incidence was collected. Pathological diagnosis was used as the gold standard. The changes in reflux esophagitis symptoms in the high-incidence area of esophageal cancer before and after 16 years were observed and the relationship with esophageal cancer was analyzed. Results: In 2008, 711 people were surveyed, of whom 213 had at least one of the symptoms of heartburn, regurgitation, belching, hiccup, foreign body sensation in pharynx, or difficulty swallowing, accounting for 29.9%(Ordered according to the above symptoms, if multiple symptoms exist, the former will be used), 55 cases had at least two related symptoms, accounting for 7.7%;. Of these, 108 had heartburn symptoms, accounting for 15.1%; 78 had regurgitation symptoms; 31 had belching symptoms; 28 had hiccup symptoms; 13 had foreign body sensation in pharynx symptoms; and 10 had difficulty swallowing symptoms.Included in each sub-symptom,if the person suffering from influenza has heartburn and acid reflux at the same time, they will appear separately in the heartburn and acid reflux sub-symptoms.In 2024, 711 people were surveyed, with 8 lost to follow-up. Of the 703 surveyed successfully, 189 had at least one of the symptoms of heartburn(Order according to the above symptoms. If there are multiple symptoms, choose the former) ,regurgitation, belching, hiccup, foreign body sensation in pharynx, or difficulty swallowing, accounting for 26.8%,there were 167 cases, accounting for 23.7%, with at least two related symptoms. Of these, 139 had heartburn symptoms, accounting for 19.7%; 104 cases of reflux; 44 cases of belching,; 32 cases of hiccup; 21 cases of sensation of foreign body in pharynx; 16 cases of difficulty swallowing,45 cases of esophageal/cardia cancer were found, all of whom had at least one of the above symptoms. All 45 patients had at least one symptom of reflux esophagitis. Comparing the symptoms of reflux esophagitis in 2008 and 2023, P value was 0.26, with no statistical significance; comparing the symptoms of reflux esophagitis in 2008 with 2024, P value was 0.299, with no statistical significance. Conclusion: The detection rate of reflux esophagitis-related symptoms in high-risk population in the area of high esophageal cancer has not decreased in the past 16 years, and the underlying factors still exist. Esophageal cancer is closely related to reflux esophagitis, and clinical practice can provide early diagnosis and treatment for high-risk population based on this.
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