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不同麻醉镇静深度BIS闭环靶控输注对腹腔镜胃癌根治术老年患者围术期Th1/Th2平衡的影响

江华勇, 劳伟龙, 周国忠, 宋棋梁, 蒋宗明, 俞渭生, 陈忠华

江华勇, 劳伟龙, 周国忠, 宋棋梁, 蒋宗明, 俞渭生, 陈忠华. 不同麻醉镇静深度BIS闭环靶控输注对腹腔镜胃癌根治术老年患者围术期Th1/Th2平衡的影响[J]. 肿瘤防治研究, 2022, 49(5): 444-447. DOI: 10.3971/j.issn.1000-8578.2022.21.0860
引用本文: 江华勇, 劳伟龙, 周国忠, 宋棋梁, 蒋宗明, 俞渭生, 陈忠华. 不同麻醉镇静深度BIS闭环靶控输注对腹腔镜胃癌根治术老年患者围术期Th1/Th2平衡的影响[J]. 肿瘤防治研究, 2022, 49(5): 444-447. DOI: 10.3971/j.issn.1000-8578.2022.21.0860
JIANG Huayong, LAO Weilong, ZHOU Guozhong, SONG Qiliang, JIANG Zongming, YU Weisheng, CHEN Zhonghua. Different Anesthesia and Sedation Depths of BIS-guided Closed-loop Target-controlled Infusion on Perioperative Th1/Th2 Balance in Elderly Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Radical Gastrectomy[J]. Cancer Research on Prevention and Treatment, 2022, 49(5): 444-447. DOI: 10.3971/j.issn.1000-8578.2022.21.0860
Citation: JIANG Huayong, LAO Weilong, ZHOU Guozhong, SONG Qiliang, JIANG Zongming, YU Weisheng, CHEN Zhonghua. Different Anesthesia and Sedation Depths of BIS-guided Closed-loop Target-controlled Infusion on Perioperative Th1/Th2 Balance in Elderly Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Radical Gastrectomy[J]. Cancer Research on Prevention and Treatment, 2022, 49(5): 444-447. DOI: 10.3971/j.issn.1000-8578.2022.21.0860

不同麻醉镇静深度BIS闭环靶控输注对腹腔镜胃癌根治术老年患者围术期Th1/Th2平衡的影响

基金项目: 

绍兴市卫生计生科技计划项目 2017CX009

详细信息
    作者简介:

    江华勇(1979-),男,本科,副主任医生,主要从事临床麻醉工作

    通信作者:

    陈忠华(1970-),男,硕士,主任医生,主要从事临床麻醉及管理工作,E-mail: chenbeijing116@163.com

  • 中图分类号: R735.2

Different Anesthesia and Sedation Depths of BIS-guided Closed-loop Target-controlled Infusion on Perioperative Th1/Th2 Balance in Elderly Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Radical Gastrectomy

Funding: 

Shaoxing Health Science and Technology Rrojcet 2017CX009

More Information
  • 摘要:
    目的 

    探讨BIS闭环靶控输注在不同麻醉镇静深度对腹腔镜胃癌根治术老年患者围术期Th1/Th2平衡的影响。

    方法 

    对73例择期腹腔镜胃癌根治术的老年患者进行随机数字表法分组, 分为BIS闭环靶控输注BIS值55组(H组, 36例)和BIS值45组(L组, 37例)。分别于手术开始前即刻(T1)、术后2 h (T2)、术后24 h (T3)及72 h (T4)采集静脉血样, 流式细胞术微球阵列法测定IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α和IFN-γ。比较两组患者的手术时间、恢复室停留时间和住院时间。

    结果 

    与T1比较, T2、T3、T4时H组IL-6、IL-10浓度明显升高(P < 0.05), T4时H组IL-4和TNF-α明显升高(P < 0.05), T2、T4时H组IL-2、IFN-γ明显升高(P < 0.05), T2、T3、T4时L组IL-6、IL-10浓度明显升高(P < 0.05), T4时L组IL-2明显降低(P < 0.05), T2、T3、T4时H组和L组IFN-γ/IL-6明显降低(P < 0.05);与L组比较, T2时H组IL-6、IL-10明显升高(P < 0.05), H组IFN-γ/IL-6明显降低(P < 0.05), T4时H组IL-2和IL-10明显升高(P < 0.05), 两组患者的手术时间、恢复室停留时间、住院时间差异均无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。

    结论 

    BIS闭环靶控输注的麻醉镇静深度值45比55更有利于维持胃癌根治术老年患者术后Th1/Th2的平衡状态, 但是对于改善患者预后不明显。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective 

    To investigate the effect of BIS-guided closed-loop target-controlled infusion on perioperative Th1/Th2 balance in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic radical gastrectomy under different anesthesia and sedation depths.

    Methods 

    We applied random number table method to divide 73 elderly patients undergoing elective laparoscopic radical gastrectomy into BIS closed-loop target-controlled infusion group with BIS value of 55(group H, n=36) and BIS value of 45(group L, n=37).Intravenous blood samples were collected immediately before surgery (T1), 2h after surgery (T2), 24h after surgery (T3) and 72h after surgery (T4).IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ were determined by flow cytometry microsphere array.We compared operation duration, postoperative PACU stay time and postoperative hospitalization time between two groups.

    Results 

    Compared with T1, IL-6 and IL-10 concentration in group H at T2, T3 and T4 significantly increased (P < 0.05), IL-4 and TNF-α in group H at T4 were significantly increased (P < 0.05), IL-2 and IFN-γ in group H at T2 and T4 were significantly increased (P < 0.05), the concentration of IL-6 and IL-10 in group L at T2, T3 and T4 were increased (P < 0.05), IL-2 in group L at T4 was decreased (P < 0.05), and IFN-γ/IL-6 in two groups were decreased at T2, T3 and T4(P < 0.05).Compared with group L, IL-6 and IL-10 in group H were significantly increased at T2(P < 0.05), IFN-γ/IL-6 in group H was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), IL-2 and IL-10 in group H were significantly increased at T4(P < 0.05).Operation duration, postoperative PACU stay time and postoperative hospitalization time had no statistical significance between two groups (P > 0.05).

    Conclusion 

    The anesthesia and sedation depth of BIS-guided closed-loop target-controlled infusion set at 45 is better than 55 in maintaining Th1/Th2 balance in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic radical gastrectomy, but it has no obvious effect on long-term prognosis.

     

  • 食管鳞状细胞癌(esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, ESCC)是一种常见的消化道肿瘤,死亡率高,5年生存率只有10%[1]。ESCC患者由于没有早期症状,通常诊断较晚,预后较差,其发生与饮酒、吸烟、营养不良、接触致癌物质等多种因素相关[2]。研究发现,缺锌饮食可以增加人类ESCC的发生风险,补充膳食锌可能对ESCC具有预防和治疗作用[3-4]。缺锌可导致一些与免疫反应、细胞凋亡、细胞增殖和转录调控相关的基因过表达,如促炎细胞因子白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和环核苷酸磷酸二酯酶(PDEs)等,都可能影响食管癌的发生发展[5]。由于该元素具有多种功能,可认为其在抗肿瘤的启动和促进中的作用是多途径的,但其作用机制尚不完全清楚。本研究通过观察缺锌饮食对小鼠血液和组织锌浓度、食管黏膜病理变化及5种肿瘤相关蛋白表达的影响,初步探讨饮食锌缺乏对小鼠食管鳞状上皮细胞增殖的影响及其可能机制。

    免疫组织化学检测试剂PCNA(货号:ab92552)、NF-κB p105(货号:ab32360)、COX-2(货号:ab15191)、NF-κB p65(货号:ab16502)、P38MAPK(货号:ab31828)均购自英国Abcam公司。倒置显微镜:日本Olympus公司。电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS),型号:DRC-II(美国Perkin Elmer公司)。缺锌饲料(货号:D19401,锌含量为0.66~0.89 ppm)和足锌饲料(货号:D19410B,锌含量为30.66~30.89 ppm)购自美国Research Diets公司。

    C57BL/6乳鼠,0~1周龄,SPF级,6窝,每窝4~6只,由斯贝福(北京)实验动物科技有限公司提供,合格证号:SCXK(京)2011-0004。实验小鼠分两组:足锌组和缺锌组。每组3窝,0~3周足锌组母鼠喂养足锌饲料,缺锌组喂养缺锌饲料,3周后断乳处死母鼠。两组小鼠按断乳前饲料继续喂养4~12周,每组分配10只小鼠。每周称量一次小鼠的体质量和进食饲料的重量。因实验过程中,小鼠体质量差异大,每只小鼠每日进食量用小鼠体质量作标准化,表示为g/mouse/day/kg。12周结束时采用脊椎脱臼法处死小鼠。

    苯巴比妥麻醉小鼠,采集动物尾尖血液,制备血清进行血清锌分析。随后处死小鼠,立即取食管剖开,用0.9%氯化钠溶液冲洗干净,将食管黏膜组织分三份:一份用于黏膜锌浓度测定;另两份以甲醛固定,制备常规石蜡包埋切片,其中一份行苏木精伊红(HE)染色后在200倍光学显微镜下观察病理改变,另一份脱蜡至水化。行免疫组织化学PV两步法,检测增殖细胞核抗原(proliferating cell nuclear antigen, PCNA)、P38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase p38, P38MAPK)、核因子κB(nuclear factor kappa B, NF-κB)p105、NF-κB p65和环氧合酶-2(Cyclooxygenase2, COX-2)的表达水平。

    测定血清和食管黏膜锌含量。上样前,将血清标本稀释20倍,称取食管黏膜标本,微波消解,稀释20倍。ICP-MS的设置参数:雾化气流量:0.98 L/min,辅助气流量:1.20 L/min,等离子体气流量:15.0 L/min,驻留时间:100 ms,样品提升量:1 ml/min;扫描方式:单点跳峰;分辨率:0.7~0.9 aum。45 Sc, 166 Er,检出限Sc: 0.03 ng/ml,Er: 0.0003 ng/ml。

    实验数据用SPSS22.0统计分析软件处理,符合正态分布的计量资料以(x±s)表示,组间比较采用独立样本t检验,计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验或精确概率法检验。P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

    3周龄时两组小鼠体质量无明显差异,10周龄及12周龄时,缺锌组小鼠体质量明显低于足锌组小鼠(均P < 0.05),见表 1

    表  1  缺锌饮食对小鼠平均体质量的影响(g)
    Table  1  Effect of zinc deficiency on body weight of mice (g)
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格

    与足锌组相比,3周龄和10周龄缺锌组小鼠进食量无显著差异,12周龄缺锌组小鼠进食量明显减少(P < 0.01),见表 2

    表  2  缺锌饮食对小鼠进食量的影响(g/mouse/day/kg)
    Table  2  Effect of zinc deficiency on food intake of mice (g/mouse/day/kg)
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格

    与足锌组相比,缺锌组小鼠血清锌及食管黏膜组织锌含量明显降低(P < 0.05),见表 3

    表  3  缺锌饮食对血清及黏膜组织锌含量的影响(x±s)
    Table  3  Effect of zinc deficiency on zinc content in serum and esophageal mucosal of mice(x±s)
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格

    HE染色下,足锌组小鼠食管黏膜基底细胞排列分布规整,由一层细胞构成;缺锌组小鼠食管黏膜组织基底细胞增生明显,基底细胞由一层增生为2~4层,细胞排列紊乱,角化层增厚,未见柱状上皮化生和炎性反应、溃疡,见图 1

    图  1  食管黏膜组织HE染色(×200)
    Figure  1  HE staining of esophageal mucosa tissues (×200)
    A: zinc-sufficient group. The esophageal mucosa of mice was consisted of a layer of basal cells that were arranged in an orderly manner; B: zinc-deficient group. There was apparent basal cell hyperplasia in the esophageal mucosa, which resulted in 2-4 layers of basal cells arranged in a disordered manner, along with a visible squamous layer thickening.

    免疫组织化学结果显示:与足锌组相比,缺锌组小鼠食管黏膜COX-2、NF-κB p65、NF-κB p105、P38MAPK和PCNA表达显著增加,见图 2

    图  2  食管黏膜组织中COX-2、NF-κB p65、NF-κB p105、P38MAPK和PCNA免疫组织化学染色(×200)
    Figure  2  Immunohistochemical staining of COX-2, NF-κB p65, NF-κB p105, P38MAPK and PCNA in esophageal mucosa tissues (×200)
    A: zinc-sufficient group, B: zinc-deficient group. 1-5: the expression of COX-2, NF-κB p65, NF-κB p105, P38MAPK and PCNA in the esophageal mucosa of mice in zinc-deficient group significantly increased compared with those in zinc-sufficient group.

    锌是一种人体必需的微量元素,在体内分布广泛,具有促进人体生长发育、增加细胞免疫功能、稳定细胞结构、抗氧化等多种功能[5]。由于人体不能储存锌,饮食不当导致的锌缺乏非常普遍。缺锌是一个全球性的健康问题,全球31%的人口存在不同程度的锌缺乏,其中10%以上的人饮食中锌的摄入量不足推荐剂量的一半[6-8]。流行病学研究显示,慢性饮食锌缺乏可显著增加ESCC等癌症的发生风险[3],锌在对抗ESCC发生及进展中起到一定作用,但其作用机制尚不明确。本研究通过动物模型,初步探讨饮食锌缺乏对小鼠食管鳞状上皮细胞增殖的影响及其可能机制。

    本研究显示,缺锌饮食饲养12周后,缺锌组小鼠进食量、体质量均显著下降,血清锌及食管黏膜组织锌含量明显降低。缺锌组小鼠食管黏膜组织基底细胞增生明显,细胞排列紊乱,角化层增厚。有研究显示,消化道癌症患者血液中锌的浓度较低,组织锌浓度高与降低ESCC的发生风险密切相关,补锌可诱导食管上皮细胞凋亡,逆转癌症发展[9-10]。既往有针对大鼠的研究显示,5周低锌饮食的大鼠会形成具有独特基因特征的增生性食管[11],23周低锌饮食会导致癌症相关的炎性因子表达增加,当与非致癌剂量的环境致癌物质N-亚硝基-N-甲基-4-氨基丁酸(N-Nitroso-N-methyl-4-aminobutyric acid, NMBA)结合时,会导致食管癌的发生[12]。膳食锌的缺乏还可能导致大鼠食管上皮鳞状细胞增生和角化过度,这种细胞增生与大鼠食管癌的发生存在直接关系[13]。来自食管癌高发地区的研究显示,食管上皮细胞的增殖与癌症风险增加有关[14]。在中国北方食管癌高发地区,饮食以谷物为主,缺乏锌等微量元素,这可能促进了食管细胞的增殖,并进一步在多步骤中促进肿瘤细胞的演化[15]

    本研究免疫组织化学结果显示,缺锌组小鼠食管黏膜PCNA、P38MAPK、NF-κB p105、NF-κB p65、COX-2显著增加。PCNA是一种只存在于增殖期细胞内的多肽,能反映细胞增殖能力和所处的细胞周期,是反映细胞增殖状态的指标[16]。细胞增殖活性是临床对恶性肿瘤组织学分级的重要依据,临床病理学中把检测PCNA的表达水平作为评价肿瘤恶性程度和增殖潜能的重要指标。NF-κB p105及NF-κB p65是NF-κB家族的重要成员,在参与炎性反应、细胞增殖、分化与凋亡,免疫反应和肿瘤形成等相关基因转录调控中发挥着重要作用[17]。锌可通过多种机制调控NF-κB信号通路,NF-κB和其信号通路中的大部分激活因子被认为在肿瘤的发生发展中有重要作用[18]。COX-2是诱导型环氧合酶,可催化前列腺素合成参与炎性反应。COX-2的高表达会增加健康人群患食管癌的风险,降低食管癌患者的生存[19]。P38MAPK信号通路参与了肿瘤的发生发展,其表达的改变可能是食管癌预后不良的潜在生物标志物[20]。本研究显示缺锌饮食可以诱导COX-2、P38MAPK、PCNA、NF-κBp等肿瘤相关因子过度表达,这可能与ESCC的发生有关。Taccioli等[12]也发现营养元素锌的缺乏诱导了肿瘤相关炎性反应因子过度表达并伴有上皮细胞的增生,这种持续的炎性反应是ESCC发展的关键因素。另外也有研究[21-22]发现,缺锌会导致miR-31和miR-21失调,激活S100A8炎性反应因子,促进食管癌的发生。锌补充可以逆转S100A8的过表达和大鼠食管癌前瘤变。

    综上所述,饮食锌摄入不足可以抑制小鼠生长,促进小鼠食管上皮鳞状细胞增殖,其机制与诱导COX-2、P38MAPK、PCNA、NF-κBp等肿瘤相关因子过度表达有关。中国是食管癌高发病率国家,增加鱼类、海鲜、肉类、新鲜蔬菜和水果等富含锌的食物摄入对于预防食管癌的发生可能是有益的。

    Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
    作者贡献:
    江华勇、劳伟龙、蒋宗明:试验实施、数据分析、论文撰写及修改
    周国忠:检测细胞因子及标准品制备
    宋棋粱、俞渭生:临床病例收集、试验实施
    陈忠华:课题设计、数据审核及指导论文撰写
  • 表  1   两组患者围术期一般情况比较(x±s, M(QR))

    Table  1   Comparison of perioperative general conditions between two groups(x±s, M(QR))

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2   两组患者各时间点炎性反应因子水平的比较(pg/ml, M(QR))

    Table  2   Comparison of inflammatory cytokines levels between two groups at each time point(pg/ml, M(QR))

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3   两组患者围术期血流动力学比较(x±s, M(QR))

    Table  3   Comparison of perioperative hemodynamics between two groups(x±s, M(QR))

    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 期刊类型引用(1)

    1. 吕红博,初建虎,阿迪力·萨来. 癌组织NF-κB、VEGF表达与食管癌患者临床特征及预后的相关性. 临床和实验医学杂志. 2022(16): 1716-1721 . 百度学术

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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2021-07-26
  • 修回日期:  2021-09-26
  • 网络出版日期:  2024-01-12
  • 刊出日期:  2022-05-24

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