高级搜索

应用不平衡法检测赣南地区原发性肺腺癌ALK融合突变

钟炜祥, 韦晰凤

钟炜祥, 韦晰凤. 应用不平衡法检测赣南地区原发性肺腺癌ALK融合突变[J]. 肿瘤防治研究, 2021, 48(12): 1066-1070. DOI: 10.3971/j.issn.1000-8578.2021.21.0455
引用本文: 钟炜祥, 韦晰凤. 应用不平衡法检测赣南地区原发性肺腺癌ALK融合突变[J]. 肿瘤防治研究, 2021, 48(12): 1066-1070. DOI: 10.3971/j.issn.1000-8578.2021.21.0455
ZHONG Weixiang, WEI Xifeng. 5′/3′ Imbalance Strategy for qRT-PCR to Detect ALK Fusion Mutation in Primary Lung Adenocarcinoma in Gannan Region[J]. Cancer Research on Prevention and Treatment, 2021, 48(12): 1066-1070. DOI: 10.3971/j.issn.1000-8578.2021.21.0455
Citation: ZHONG Weixiang, WEI Xifeng. 5′/3′ Imbalance Strategy for qRT-PCR to Detect ALK Fusion Mutation in Primary Lung Adenocarcinoma in Gannan Region[J]. Cancer Research on Prevention and Treatment, 2021, 48(12): 1066-1070. DOI: 10.3971/j.issn.1000-8578.2021.21.0455

应用不平衡法检测赣南地区原发性肺腺癌ALK融合突变

基金项目: 

赣州市卫生健康委员会指导性科研计划项目 2020-2-8

赣南医学院第一附属医院院级科技计划项目 YJYB202011

详细信息
    作者简介:

    钟炜祥(1983-),男,硕士,主治医师,主要从事胸部肿瘤的微创手术和肺癌的分子靶向治疗

  • 中图分类号: R734.2

5′/3′ Imbalance Strategy for qRT-PCR to Detect ALK Fusion Mutation in Primary Lung Adenocarcinoma in Gannan Region

Funding: 

The Guidance Science and Technology Project of Ganzhou Health Committee 2020-2-8

The Science and Technology Project of the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University YJYB202011

  • 摘要:
    目的 

    探讨赣南地区原发性肺腺癌患者间变淋巴瘤激酶(ALK)融合基因的特点,科学指导此类患者优选靶向用药。

    方法 

    采取不平衡法检测233例原发性肺腺癌患者ALK融合基因的表达情况,回顾性分析其临床病理特征。

    结果 

    有ALK融合基因表达者21例,表达率为9.01%(21/233)。女性、N1-3患者ALK融合基因表达率显著高于男性、N0患者(P < 0.05);ALK融合基因在无吸烟史、年龄 < 55岁、M1期患者以及新鲜活检标本中的表达率相对较高,但未达统计学意义(P > 0.05));ALK融合基因的表达与TNM分期、T分期、是否手术治疗以及肿瘤分布位置均无相关性(P > 0.05)。此外,在153例M1期病例亚组分析中,未发现ALK融合突变与肺癌常见部位(骨、脑、对侧肺、胸膜播散、肾上腺及肝)转移的相关性(P > 0.05)。

    结论 

    赣南地区原发性肺腺癌中ALK融合基因表达率较高,好发于女性和有淋巴结转移的患者。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective 

    To explore the characteristics of ALK fusion gene in patients with primary lung adenocarcinoma in Gannan region, with hopes of scientifically guiding such patients towards selecting targeted drugs.

    Methods 

    5′/3′ imbalance strategy for qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of ALK fusion gene in 233 cases of primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma and the clinical pathological characteristics were analyzed.

    Results 

    The expression rate of ALK fusion genes was 9.01% (21/233). The expression rate of ALK fusion gene in female and N1-3 patients was significantly higher than that in male and N0 patients (P < 0.05); The expression rate of ALK fusion gene in patients with no smoking history, age < 55 years, M1 stage and fresh biopsy specimens was relatively high (P > 0.05); The expression of ALK fusion gene was not correlated with TNM stage, T stage, surgical treatment or tumor distribution location (P > 0.05). Moreover, in the subgroup analysis of 153 M1-stage cases, no correlation was found between the expression of ALK fusion gene and the metastasis of common sites of lung cancer (bone, brain, opposite lung, pleural dissemination adrenal glands and liver) (P > 0.05).

    Conclusion 

    The expression rate of ALK fusion gene in primary lung adenocarcinoma in Gannan region is relatively high, which is common in female patients with lymph node metastasis.

     

  • 浆细胞样尿路上皮癌(plasmacytoid uroepithelial carcinoma, PUC)是一种罕见的侵袭性膀胱癌,占尿路上皮癌的2.3%~3.1%[1]。由于PUC病例数量少,尚未建立标准治疗方案。目前临床推荐根治性手术切除,部分专家也尝试了辅助化疗、免疫治疗或靶向治疗[2-4]。目前,报告的病例不超过300例,其中大部分是单个病例报告。在此,我们报告1例经放疗联合化疗获得临床完全缓解的浆细胞样尿路上皮癌患者的诊疗过程,以期更好地了解该病的临床病理特点。

    患者,男,59岁,主因无痛性血尿1年于2017年12月12日入院。就诊前1年患者无明显诱因出现无痛性血尿,偶有血块,无腰痛,无头晕、头痛,无低热、盗汗不适。入院时查体:体温36.5℃,心率104次/分钟,呼吸20次/分钟,血压100/56 mmHg,体力状态评分1分。贫血面容,神志清楚,查体合作。全身浅表淋巴结未触及肿大,胸廓无畸形,两侧对称,呼吸动度两侧一致,肋间隙无增宽或变窄。腹平软,全腹部无明显压痛及反跳痛。

    入院后进行相关的实验室检查,血常规提示血红蛋白为82 g/L。肝功能、肾功能、电解质、凝血相关指标、CEA、CA19-9、细胞角蛋白正常。下腹部CT扫描显示膀胱后壁弥漫性增厚,周围组织边界不清,见图 1。CT扫描还显示左侧输尿管积液,左侧肾盂扩张和左侧肾周积液,未发现明显的淋巴结肿大或远处转移。膀胱镜活检病理提示:(膀胱)高级别浸润性浆细胞样尿路上皮癌,HE染色见图 2。免疫组织化学:CK(+),P40(+),P63(+),CK高(+),CK7(+),CK8/18(+),CK20(+),CD138(+),CD38(-),CD56(-),CK5/6(-),EMA(-),Desmin(-),Vimentin(-),Syn(-),CgA(-),LCA(-),MUM-1(-),Ki-67(+,约80%)。

    图  1  患者治疗前CT扫描显示膀胱弥漫性增厚
    Figure  1  Pretreatment CT scan showed diffuse bladder thickening
    图  2  活检病理HE染色结果显示:(膀胱)高级别浸润性浆细胞样尿路上皮癌(×40)
    Figure  2  HE-stained images of biopsy pathology showed: (Bladder) high grade plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma (×40)

    2017年12月20日患者血清肌酐开始升高,随后病情迅速进展,并发肾积水、梗阻性肾功能衰竭及尿路感染,通过输血、抗感染及血液透析治疗后缓解。考虑到生活质量,患者拒绝膀胱根治性手术切除。2018年1月9日开始实施放射治疗。放疗计划:GTV1(瘤床):64 Gy/32 Fr,CTV1(膀胱外放2 cm):54 Gy/27 Fr,CTV2(淋巴结引流区):50 Gy/25 Fr。当照射剂量达到24 Gy/12 Fr时,患者的血清肌酐恢复正常。血清肌酐(Scr)的变化趋势见图 3。患者在2018年2月21日结束放疗,此时腹部MRI检查提示膀胱内仍有残留肿瘤。2018年3月9日开始行吉西他滨+洛铂(吉西他滨1.7 g,d1、8+洛铂50 mg)化疗一个疗程,此后患者因化疗后骨髓抑制终止化疗。考虑仍有肿瘤残留,建议重启化疗,但患者拒绝化疗,患者自行口服两个疗程阿帕替尼。2018年6月8日复查盆腔磁共振提示肿瘤仍有部分残留,于2018年7月9日、2018年8月3日、2018年8月24日、2018年9月24日、2018年10月15日和2018年11月28日给予吉西他滨(1.6 g,d1、8)治疗六个疗程。治疗结束后患者残留病灶基本消退。此后患者3个月规律复查一次。由于患者治疗后无尿路症状不适,因此患者拒绝膀胱镜检查,只接受无创的腹部CT增强及尿脱落细胞学检查。最近一次于2022年12月13日复查腹部增强CT及尿脱落细胞学检查,提示未见肿瘤复发及转移,见图 4。随访至今患者无病生存期超过5年。

    图  3  患者治疗过程中Scr的变化曲线
    Figure  3  Change curve of Scr during treatment
    图  4  2022年12月13日CT扫描结果
    Figure  4  CT scan results on December 13, 2022

    PUC是膀胱癌的一种相对罕见的组织学亚型,Sahin等[5]1991年报道了第一例病例,并于2004年被世界卫生组织确定为膀胱尿路上皮癌的新亚型。这种亚型的发生率男性显著高于女性[6]。Li等[7]研究显示,30%患者诊断时有淋巴结转移,90%的病例在诊断时局部侵犯范围较广,预后差。

    由于PUC病例数量少,尚无大规模前瞻性研究制定标准的治疗方案。对于无远处转移的患者,目前大多推荐根治性膀胱切除术。即使不能耐受根治性手术的患者,仍建议行最大限度地膀胱镜下病灶切除手术,术后辅以放、化疗延长生存期。但是,根治性膀胱切除术造成患者的生活质量明显下降,部分患者拒绝手术治疗。Kimura等[8]报道了一例浆细胞样变异性膀胱癌保守治疗后无进展生存期达26个月,提示局限性浆细胞样变异性膀胱癌可采用保留膀胱治疗。本例患者原发灶浸润膀胱周围软组织,但未侵及前列腺、精囊腺,属于T3期,首选手术治疗。但由于患者强烈拒绝手术,在血液透析的支持下实施放疗联合化疗的方案,使患者达到了完全缓解的临床效果,提示放疗和化疗对PUC治疗有重要的价值。但是该患者在化疗中断期间自行口服两个疗程阿帕替尼,肿瘤无明显消退,因此阿帕替尼抗血管靶向治疗在PUC患者中的疗效还有待进一步研究。

    至于其他治疗方式,目前有研究发现80%的PUC患者HER2表达阳性,提示抗HER2治疗可能是另一种治疗途径[9]。Hunter等[4]报道的一例71岁转移性PUC患者,因不能耐受顺铂化疗,选用派姆单抗治疗,获得了不错疗效。对于PD-L1表达不明确的PUC患者,有研究报道将免疫治疗用于一线治疗和维持治疗,获得了一定的疗效[10-12]。其他研究发现,P53突变、CDH1突变、FGFR3突变在PUC患者中常见[13],这些可能是PUC未来的治疗靶点。

    致谢: 感谢鼎晶医学检验所为本研究提供实验部分的支持与帮助!
    Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
    作者贡献:
    钟炜祥:实验设计、实施及评估,数据统计分析及文章执笔
    韦晰凤:筛选病例,收集、整理及汇总病例临床资料及其基因检测结果,文章审校
  • 图  1   ALK融合突变Real-time PCR图

    Figure  1   Real-time PCR pictures of ALK fusion mutation

    表  1   Real-time PCR引物序列

    Table  1   Primer sequences of real-time PCR

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2   赣南地区肺腺癌患者ALK基因融合与临床病理特征的关系

    Table  2   Relation between ALK fusion and clinicopathological characteristics of patients with lung adenocarcinoma in Gannan region

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3   赣南地区153例M1期肺腺癌患者ALK基因融合与肺癌常见部位转移的关系

    Table  3   Relation between ALK fusion and metastasis of common sites of lung cancer in 153 M1-stage patients with lung adenocarcinoma in Gannan region

    下载: 导出CSV
  • [1] 李秀忠, 赵志军, 郭雅琪, 等. 宁夏地区非小细胞肺癌EML4-ALK融合基因的表达特征分析[J]. 宁夏医学杂志, 2019, 41(11): 970-972. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-NXYX201911006.htm

    Li XZ, Zhao ZJ, Guo YQ, et al. Analysis of expression characteristics of EML4-ALK fusion gene in non-small cell lung cancer in Ningxia[J]. Ningxia Yi Xue Za Zhi, 2019, 41(11): 970-972. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-NXYX201911006.htm

    [2] 刘光峨, 杨玲, 李佩洁, 等. 贵州黔北地区922例非小细胞肺癌EGFR、ALK、ROS-1基因突变状态及其临床病理特征分析[J]. 中华肿瘤防治杂志, 2020, 27(21): 1691-1697. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QLZL202021001.htm

    Liu GE, Yang L, Li PJ, et al. Analysis of the mutaiton status of EGFR, ALK and ROS-1 genes and their clinicopathological characteristics in 922 cases of non-small cell lung cancer in northern Guizhou province[J]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Fang Zhi Za Zhi, 2020, 27(21): 1691-1697. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QLZL202021001.htm

    [3] 王娟, 苏国苗, 潘国庆, 等. 云南地区非小细胞肺癌EGFR、ALK和ROS1基因突变联合检测[J]. 昆明医科大学学报, 2020, 41(9): 1-6. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KMYX202009001.htm

    Wang J, Su GM, Pan GQ, et al. Combined Detections and Analysis to the Genetic Mutation of EGFR, ALK and ROS1 in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer in Yunnan[J]. Kunming Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao, 2020, 41(9): 1-6. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KMYX202009001.htm

    [4] 冯征, 文苗苗, 王雪娇, 等. 中国西北地区非小细胞肺癌EGFR、ALK、ROS1基因突变和临床病理特征分析[J]. 临床肿瘤学杂志, 2021, 26(1): 29-33. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0460.2021.01.005

    Feng Z, Wen MM, Wang XJ, et al. Mutation analysis and clinicopathological features of EGFR, ALK, ROS1 in patients with non-small cell lung cancer in northwest of China[J]. Lin Chuang Zhong Liu Xue Za Zhi, 2021, 26(1): 29-33. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0460.2021.01.005

    [5]

    Golding B, Luu A, Jones R, et al. The function and therapeutic targeting of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)[J]. Mol Cancer, 2018, 17(1): 52. doi: 10.1186/s12943-018-0810-4

    [6]

    Su Y, Long X, Song Y, et al. Distribution of ALK Fusion Variants and Correlation with Clinical Outcomes in Chinese Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Crizotinib[J]. Target Oncol, 2019, 14(2): 159-168. doi: 10.1007/s11523-019-00631-x

    [7] 祁春艳, 吴涛, 齐晓光. ALK融合基因阳性肺腺癌患者耐药核心基因鉴定及药物靶点分析[J]. 肿瘤防治研究, 2021, 48(5): 451-456. doi: 10.3971/j.issn.1000-8578.2021.20.1206

    Qi CY, Wu T, Qi XG. Identification of Drug-resistance Core Genes and Drug Targets in Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients Harboring ALK Fusion Gene[J]. Zhong Liu Fang Zhi Yan Jiu, 2021, 48(5): 451-456. doi: 10.3971/j.issn.1000-8578.2021.20.1206

    [8]

    Wu Y, Lu S, Lu Y, et al. Results of PROFILE 1029, a Phase ⅢComparison of First-Line Crizotinib versus Chemotherapy in East Asian Patients with ALK -Positive Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer[J]. J Thorac Oncol, 2018, 13(10): 1539-1548. doi: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.06.012

    [9]

    Zhou C, Kim SW, Reungwetwattana T, et al. Alectinib versus crizotinib in untreated Asian patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (ALESIA): a randomised phase 3 study[J]. Lancet Respir Med, 2019, 7(5): 437-446. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(19)30053-0

    [10]

    Shaw AT, Bauer TM, de Marinis F, et al. First-Line Lorlatinib or Crizotinib in AdvancedALK-Positive Lung Cancer[J]. N Engl J Med, 2020, 383(21): 2018-2029. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2027187

    [11]

    Solomon B. First-line treatment options for ALK-rearranged lung cancer[J]. Lancet, 2017, 389 (10072): 884-886. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30124-1

    [12] 王惠宇, 夏丹丹, 王润洁, 等. 非小细胞肺癌患者EML4-ALK和EGFR共存突变的检测及其与临床病理特征的关系[J]. 现代肿瘤医学, 2018, 26(19): 3058-3061. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-4992.2018.19.015

    Wang HY, Xia DD, Wang RJ, et al. Detection of co-existing mutation of EML4-ALK and EGFR and its relationship with clinicopathological features in patients with non-small cell lung cancer[J]. Xian Dai Zhong Liu Yi Xue, 2018, 26(19): 3058-3061. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-4992.2018.19.015

    [13]

    Ke L, Xu M, Jiang X, et al. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Mutations and Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase/Oncogene or C-Ros Oncogene 1 (ALK/ROS1) Fusions Inflict Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Female Patients Older Than 60 Years of Age[J]. Med Sci Monit, 2018, 24: 9364-9369. doi: 10.12659/MSM.911333

    [14] 靳科, 詹钦文, 刘星, 等. 非小细胞肺癌雌激素受体表达与性别关系的Meta分析[J]. 现代肿瘤医学, 2019, 27(23): 4205-4209. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-4992.2019.23.018

    Jin K, Zhan QW, Liu X, et al. Meta analysis of the association between estrogen receptor expression and gender in non-small cell lung cancer[J]. Xian Dai Zhong Liu Yi Xue, 2019, 27(23): 4205-4209. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-4992.2019.23.018

    [15]

    Tian G, Zhao X, Nie J, et al. Clinical characteristics associated with non-small-cell lung cancer harboring ALK rearrangements in Chinese patients[J]. Future Oncol, 2016, 12(10): 1243-1249. doi: 10.2217/fon.15.361

    [16] 黄清洁, 陈天东, 陈海瑞, 等. 基于二代测序的300例非小细胞肺癌中驱动基因突变与临床病理特征关系[J]. 临床与实验病理学杂志, 2019, 35(3): 286-290. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-LSBL201903008.htm

    Huang QJ, Chen TD, Chen HR, et al. Relationship between driver gene mutation and clinicopathological features in 300 cases of non-small cell lung cancer based on next generation sequencing[J]. Lin Chuang Yu Shi Yan Bing Li Xue Za Zhi, 2019, 35(3): 286-290. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-LSBL201903008.htm

    [17] 贺佳子, 黄清洁, 李莉, 等. 396例非小细胞肺癌EGFR, KRAS, ALK和BRAF基因突变状态及其临床病理特征[J]. 临床与病理杂志, 2020, 40(9): 2252-2258. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WYSB202009005.htm

    He JZ, Huang QJ, Li L, et al. Mutation status of EGFR, KRAS, ALK and BRAF genes and their clinicopathological characteristics in 396 patients with non-small cell lung cancer[J]. Lin Chuang Yu Bing Li Za Zhi, 2020, 40(9): 2252-2258. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WYSB202009005.htm

    [18] 王勇, 冯佳, 钱粒, 等. 非小细胞肺癌中ALK阳性病例临床病理特征分析[J]. 交通医学, 2019, 33(6): 568-571. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JTYX201906008.htm

    Wang Y, Feng J, Qian L, et al. Analysis of clinicopathological features of ALK positive cases of non-small cell lung cancer[J]. Jiao Tong Yi Xue, 2019, 33(6): 568-571. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JTYX201906008.htm

    [19]

    Wong DW, Lai-Han LE, Kam-Ting SK, et al. The EML4-ALK fusion gene is involved in various histologic types of lung cancers from nonsmokers with wild-type EGFR and KRAS[J]. Cancer, 2009, 115(8): 1723-1733. doi: 10.1002/cncr.24181

    [20]

    Inamura K, Takeuchi K, Togashi Y, et al. EML4-ALK Fusion Is Linked to Histological Characteristics in a Subset of Lung Cancers[J]. J Thorac Oncol, 2008, 3(1): 13-17. doi: 10.1097/JTO.0b013e31815e8b60

    [21]

    Sasaki T, Rodig SJ, Chirieac LR, et al. The biology and treatment of EML4-ALK non-small cell lung cancer[J]. Eur J Cancer, 2010, 46(10): 1773-1780. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2010.04.002

    [22] 符萌, 冷再君, 李传应, 等. 非小细胞肺癌患者eml4-alk基因检测及eml4-alk阳性患者临床特征分析[J]. 安徽医科大学学报, 2017, 52(4): 528-533. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YIKE201704014.htm

    Fu M, Leng ZJ, Li CY, et al. Detection of eml4-alk fusion gene and analysis of its clinical features in NSCLC patients with eml4-alk fusion gene[J]. Anhui Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao, 2017, 52(4): 528-533. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YIKE201704014.htm

    [23] 高歌, 邓立力. 非小细胞肺癌EGFR、KRAS、ALK基因突变与不同转移器官分布的相关性研究进展[J]. 中国肺癌杂志, 2018, 21(7): 536-542. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-FAIZ201807008.htm

    Gao G, Deng LL. Association between EGFR, ALK and KRAS GeneStatus and Synchronous Distant Organ Metastasis in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer[J]. Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi, 2018, 21(7): 536-542. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-FAIZ201807008.htm

    [24]

    Tong Y, Zhao Z, Liu B, et al. 5'/3' imbalance strategy to detect ALK fusion genes in circulating tumor RNA from patients with non-small cell lung cancer[J]. J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2018, 37(1): 68. doi: 10.1186/s13046-018-0735-1

  • 期刊类型引用(1)

    1. 王丹,赵启晟,李艳芳,焦妃,董旭,朱秀红,冯涛. 基于CiteSpace的集束化在抗感染方面应用研究可视化分析. 中国当代医药. 2023(30): 150-155 . 百度学术

    其他类型引用(1)

图(1)  /  表(3)
计量
  • 文章访问数:  2453
  • HTML全文浏览量:  613
  • PDF下载量:  335
  • 被引次数: 2
出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2021-04-18
  • 修回日期:  2021-08-12
  • 网络出版日期:  2024-01-12
  • 刊出日期:  2021-12-24

目录

/

返回文章
返回
x 关闭 永久关闭