Thrombocytopenia and liver injury are common and serious clinical problems in cancer patients. The etiology of thrombocytopenia in cancer patients with liver injury (TCLI) is complicated, which is common in liver injury and tumor treatment. The management of cancer therapy-induced thrombocytopenia has gradually become standardized, and the management of liver injury-associated thrombocytopenia is becoming clear with the approval and marketing of relevant drugs. However, the management of TCLI is still blank, and the superposition of thrombocytopenia and liver injury further increases the difficulty of cancer treatment. Therefore, the Committee of Neoplastic Supportive-care, China Anti-Cancer Association organizes experts to analyze and discuss relevant literatures to form a Chinese expert consensus on the management of thrombocytopenia in cancer patients with liver injury (2022 Edition) to guide clinical practice.

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal malignancy of the female genital tract. Genetic predisposition, usage of hormone, relative disease and reproduction, and lifestyle factors are possible risk factors for ovarian cancer. Women can be stratified into high risk and general populations according to the ovarian cancer risk. Screening and prevention were reviewed for the two populations. Population-based trials in the general population have not demonstrated that screening improves early detection or survival. Strengthening the awareness of tumor prevention and conducting effective screening and prevention in the high-risk population are cost-effective methods to reduce the incidence and mortality of ovarian cancer.

The anatomical site of osteosarcoma is generally complex. Hence, it is difficult to accurately remove osteosarcoma and retain important nerves and blood vessels around the tumor, as well as repair and reconstruct bone defects after osteosarcoma resection. 3D printing technology can “tailor” the “bone defect” after removing the irregular osteosarcoma to achieve a good therapeutic effect of limb reconstruction. This study reviews the application of 3D printing technology in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative reconstruction of osteosarcoma and bone tissue engineering scaffolds. Thus, this study systematically analyzes the advantages and suggestions of 3D printing technology based on the characteristics of 3D printing to put forward references for the accurate treatments of osteosarcoma in the future.

Objective To explore the molecular mechanism underlying miR-9500 regulating the migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells by targeting SMAD2. Methods The core target genes of miR-9500 were screened out by bioinformatics analysis, and their GO function analysis, KEGG signaling pathway enrichment, and survival analysis were performed. The targeted binding sites between miR-9500 and SMAD2 were predicted, and the direct targeting relationship between miR-9500 and SMAD2 was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to assess the effect of miR-9500 on the mRNA and protein expression levels of SMAD2. Wound healing assay, Transwell assay, and Matrigel invasion assay were used to determine the effect of miR-9500 on the migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Results The core target genes of miR-9500 were mainly enriched in the cancer pathway, TGF-β signaling pathway, and focal adhesion. However, only the expression levels of VAMP2, SMAD2, and RXRA among the top 10 core target genes were significantly correlated with the overall survival of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. miR-9500 targeted SMAD2 and down-regulated the expression levels of SMAD2, and overexpression of miR-9500 significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells and markedly decreased the expression levels of MMP2 and MMP9. Conclusion miR-9500 can inhibit the migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells by targeting SMAD2, which may play an important role in the tumorigenesis and development of lung adenocarcinoma as a tumor suppressor.

Objective To investigate the effect of MDM2 inhibitor RG-7388 on the proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis of diffuse large B-lymphoma (DLBCL) cells. Methods DLBCL cell strains SUDHL2 and HBL1 were treated with 2, 4, and 8 μmol/LRG7388, respectively. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK8 and EdU methods. Apoptosis was measured by Annexin V–FITC/PI double staining and Caspase 3/7-Glo enzyme activity methods. Cell cycle was assessed by flow cytometry. Changes in the expression of cell cycle and apoptosis-related proteins were determined by Western blot. Results The IC50 of RG7388 for inhibiting SUDHL2 and HBL1 cells were 3.36 and 3.76 μmol/L, respectively, and the inhibitory effect of RG7388 was dose dependent. The proportions of G1 phase and apoptotic cells in the SUDHL2 and HBL1 cells treated with different doses of RG7388 were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05). The activity of Caspase 3/7 increased gradually with RG7388 concentration, compared with that in the control group. The expression levels of p53, p27, p21, and PARP increased, whereas the expression of Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL was down-regulated (all P<0.05). Conclusion MDM2 inhibitor RG-7388 inhibits the proliferation of DLBCL cells, triggers cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase, and induces apoptosis through the p53 pathway.

Objective To construct a ferroptosis-related glioblastoma (GBM) recurrence risk model and evaluate the prognosis of patients. Methods Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to ferroptosis in recurrent GBM were screened by CGGA and FerrDb databases. Key genes were obtained by Lasso regression. Then, nomogram was constructed according to the key risk genes, and the prediction efficiency was verified using the TCGA database. GO, KEGG, and GSEA databases were used in exploring the mechanism of prognosis. ESTIMATE and TIMER were used in studying tumor immune infiltration and the expression of immune check points. Results WWTR1, PLIN2, and BID were important prognostic factors for GBM recurrence. The nomogram was constructed according to gender and age, and the observed values were in good agreement with the predicted values. The AUC values were 0.65 (1 year), 0.66 (3 years), and 0.63 (5 years) for CGGA and 0.68 (1 year), 0.76 (3 years), and 0.79 (5 years) for TCGA. Epithelial mesenchymal transition, KRAS pathway, and inflammatory response were significantly upregulated in the high-risk subtypes (P<0.05). Immune cell infiltration was lower (P<0.05). Risk score was positively correlated with the expression of immunosuppression check points. Conclusion Ferroptosis-related genes WWTR1, PLIN2, and BID can be used in constructing a nomogram with good predictive performance. These risk genes may affect prognosis through tumor-infiltrating immune cells and immune check points.

Objective To investigate the selection of treatment strategies and prognostic factors for patients with stage T3 and T4 laryngeal carcinoma. Methods A total of 132 patients with stage T3 and T4 laryngeal cancer admitted to our hospital from March 2010 to March 2019 were retrospectively selected as research objects. According to the different treatment strategies, the patients were divided into simple surgery group (group A, 57 cases), simple chemoradiotherapy group (group B, 32 cases), and surgery combined with chemoradiotherapy group (group C, 43 cases). The general data and clinicopathological features of the three groups were compared, and a survival curve was drawn by the Kaplan–Meier method. The 3-year survival rates of the three groups were compared. Then, the same 132 patients were divided into survival and death groups. The clinical data of the two groups were compared, and the prognostic factors were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. A back propagation (BP) neural network model was constructed, and its differentiation and accuracy were evaluated. Results The proportions and 3 year survival rates of patients with poor differentiation, lymphatic vascular invasion, and involvement of lymph nodes outside the capsule in group C were significantly higher than those in groups A and B (P<0.05). The 3 year survival rate of 132 patients was 68.94%(41/132). Poor differentiation, N2-N3 stage, lymphatic vascular invasion, and involvement of lymph nodes outside the capsule were risk factors for death (P<0.05), whereas surgery combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy were protective factors (P<0.05). The BP neural network model exhibited good discrimination and high accuracy. Conclusion Surgery combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy can significantly improve survival rate in patients with poor differentiation, lymphatic vascular invasion, and involvement of lymph nodes outside the capsule. Close attention should be paid to patients with stage N2-N3 in the formulation of reasonable treatment strategies.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of preoperative fibrinogen/albumin ratio (FAR) and systemic immune inflammation index (SII) on the postoperative prognosis of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Methods An ROC curve was used in determining the best cutoff values of FAR and SII and then grouped. The Cox proportional hazards model was used in analyzing the prognostic factors of radical pancreatic cancer surgery, and then a Nomogram prognostic model was established. C-index, AUC, and calibration curve were used in evaluating the discrimination and calibration ability of the Nomogram. DCA curves were used in assessing the clinical validity of the Nomograms. Results The optimal cutoff values for preoperative FAR and SII were 0.095 and 532.945, respectively. FAR≥0.095, SII≥532.945, CA199≥450.9 U/ml, maximum tumor diameter≥4 cm, and the absence of postoperative chemotherapy were independent risk factors for the poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer (P<0.05). The discrimination ability, calibration ability, and clinical effectiveness of Nomogram prognostic model were better than those of the TNM staging system. Conclusion The constructed Nomogram prognostic model has higher accuracy and level of discrimination and more clinical benefits than the TNM staging prognostic model.

Objective To investigate the correlation between ADC value and glioma IDH-1/1p19q genotype. Methods The MRI features and molecular pathological results of 69 patients with pathologically confirmed diagnosis of WHO grade Ⅱ/Ⅲ glioma between March 2013 and December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The diagnostic performance of ADC values on glioma genotypes (IDH-1, 1p19q) was evaluated using the ROC curve of the subjects’ working characteristics. Results The ADCmean, ADCmin, rADCmean, and rADCmin in the IDH-1 mutation group were significantly higher than those in the IDH-1 wild group (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.05, P<0.01). The use of the rADCmin threshold (0.979×103mm2/s) had the highest efficacy (AUC=0.770) for diagnosis of IDH-1 mutant and IDH-1 wild-type gliomas as well as sensitivity and specificity of 84.61% and 59.09%, respectively. Conclusion ADC can be used as an imaging biomarker for noninvasive prediction of IDH-1 mutant and wild-type Ⅱ/Ⅲ gliomas.

Objective To construct a prognostic model for cuprotosis-related genes (CRGs) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Differential expression of CRGs in HCC was analyzed on the basis of datasets from the TCGA database. The potential mechanisms of CRGs and their related genes in HCC were explored through GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. The prognostic value of the CRGs was evaluated through Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and the relationship between CRG expression and immune cell infiltration was investigated. CRGs significantly correlated with prognosis in patients with HCC were identified. A prognostic model was established through univariate, Lasso regression, and multivariate Cox regression analyses. The patients were divided into two groups by risk score. ROC curve was used in evaluating the prognostic model. The relationship of risk score or clinical factors with prognosis was analyzed through univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Results A total of 11 differentially expressed CRGs in HCC were obtained. The main enriched GO item of CRGs and their related genes was oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, and the main enriched KEGG pathway was carbon metabolism. The expression of CRGs was significantly correlated with pDC, T helper cells and other immune cells (P<0.05). Three CRGs (CDKN2A, DLAT, and LIPT1) were screened and a prognostic model was constructed. There was significant difference in overall survival between the highand low-risk groups (P<0.001). The risk score is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis (P<0.001). Conclusion The prognostic model for CRGs in patients with HCC is constructed using TCGA database data. This model may be used in evaluating patient prognosis.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in chronic phase with deletion and non-deletion of the argininosuccinate synthesis gene (ASS gene) on the derivative chromosome 9. Methods The clinical data of patients with CML initially treated with imatinib and BCR/ABL1/ASS1 3-color fusion probe to detect ASS gene deletion were analyzed. The patients were divided into deletion group (n=27) and non-deletion group (n=92). Clinical characteristics, treatment effects, and prognosis were analyzed. Results The average age of 119 patients was 37.22±12.72 years old. The sokal score differed between the deletion and non-deletion groups χ²=4.304, P=0.038). No statistically significant difference in other general characteristics was found (P>0.05). The 3-month CCyR rate, 6-month CCyR rate, and BCR-ABLIS≤1% rate in the deletion group were lower than those in the non-deletion group (P<0.05). The median follow-up of 119 patients was 35.0 (3.0-60.0) months. The PFS in the deletion group was lower than that in the non-deletion group (χ²=4.293, P=0.038). Overall survival was not significantly different between the two groups (χ²=0.008, P=0.931). Conclusion The deletion of the ASS gene in patients with chronic CML is related to the poor efficacy of imatinib treatment, poor prognosis, and high risk of disease progression.

Objective To retrospectively evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of brentuximab vedotin(BV) combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of malignant lymphoma. Methods We collected the data of 32 lymphoma patients with CD30-positive status, including 14 cases of Hodgkin’s lymphomas, 2 cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, and 16 cases of mature T/NK cell lymphomas. Chemotherapy combined with BV was administered to all patients for a minimum of two cycles. The efficacy of the treatment was evaluated according to Lugano criteria every two cycles. Results Complete response rate and overall response rate after four cycles of treatment were 22% and 50%, respectively. Sixteen cases (50.0%) had grades 1 and 2 toxicity, and 16 cases (50.0%) had grade 3 toxicity or higher. The most common adverse events were neutropenia (50.0%), pneumonia (46.9%), and anemia (43.8%). The most common grade 3 or higher adverse events were pneumonia (18.8%) and febrile neutropenia (12.5%). Four patients discontinued brentuximab vedotin because of severe adverse events. Conclusion BV is effective in treating relapsed and refractory CD30-positive Hodgkin’s lymphoma and peripheral T-cell lymphoma, and its overall safety is acceptable.

Objective To explore the efficacy, safety, and factors that might influence the efficacy of anti- PD-1 antibody-based therapy in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in the real world. Methods The clinical features, efficacy, and safety in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma who received anti-PD-1 antibody-based therapy were retrospectively analyzed. The survival status was followed-up. Results The objective response and the disease control rate were 21.8% and 76.4%, respectively. The overall incidence of adverse events during treatment was 81.8%, of which the incidence of grade 3/4 adverse events was 14.5%. The incidence of immune-related adverse events was 58.2% and the incidence of grade 3/4 immune-related adverse events was 3.6%, and no treatment-related death was observed. The median PFS of the 55 patients was 5.0 (95%CI: 3.9-6.1) months, and the median OS was 11.4 (95%CI: 6.5-16.3) months. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that liver function Child-Pugh scores and performance status ECOG score were the influencing factors of the objective response rate and survival. Conclusion In the real world anti-PD-1 antibody-based therapy is safe and effective in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, in which the performance status ECOG score and liver function Child-Pugh score before treatment are independent prognostic factors influencing survival.

Radiotherapy is an important treatment method for malignant tumors. Radiation resistance is the main obstacle to the therapeutic effect of radiotherapy. Cellular metabolic reprogramming is one of the main features of cancer, and it may have an important effect on the therapeutic effect of radiotherapy. Glutamine is closely related to tumor cell biosynthesis and growth. It affects radiotherapy sensitivity by producing antioxidants through decomposition. In addition, the expression patterns and functions of two isoenzymes of glutamine, namely, glutaminase (GLS) and glutaminase 2 (GLS2), are different and have an important influence on the sensitivity of radiotherapy. The utilization of glutamine metabolism in the tumor microenvironment has great research value to improve the efficacy of radiotherapy. This review describes the metabolic characteristics of glutamine in malignant tumors and the sensitization effect of glutamine inhibitors on the efficacy of radiotherapy.

Lung cancer is considered as the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for about 85% of primary lung cancer. Owing to the improved utilization of medical technological level and the popularization of health examinations, the detection rate of early-stage NSCLC is gradually increasing. The main treatment modalities for early-stage NSCLC are surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy. Platinum-based chemotherapy is recommended as the standard postoperative adjuvant treatment for patients with completely resected stageⅡ-ⅢA NSCLC. However, adjuvant therapy remains a controversial option in stageⅠB NSCLC. This review focuses on postoperative adjuvant therapy such as adjuvant chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy for completely resected stageⅠB NSCLC. Moreover, the biomarkers and prognostic factors of high-risk patients are discussed.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, single-stranded non-coding RNAs that act as important regulators of gene expression and are involved in a number of important processes in life. A large number of studies have suggested that dysregulation of miRNA expression may be an important part of the mechanism of human tumorigenesis and progression. MiR-155-5p is mainly regarded as an oncomiR that acts on multiple target genes to participate in tumor progression, although it has been suggested to possess cancer growth suppressor effects. In this paper, we summarize the effects of miR-155-5p on cancer cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and drug resistance in various tumor types and elucidate its value as a possible potential marker in assisting diagnosis.

Denosumab is a monoclonal antibody against the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK) ligand (RANKL) that significantly inhibits osteoclast activity and has been approved to treat osteoporosis, giant cell tumor of bone, and prophylactic as well as therapeutic entities for bone metastasis. However, the imbalance of RANKL/RANK/OPG has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of several other rare bone diseases and tumor-like disorders, including aneurysmal bone cyst, fibrous dysplasia of bone, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Nevertheless, there have been various clinical reports although these diseases have not been approved for indications. The review aims to summarize the available evidence for the off-label use of denosumab in metabolic bone diseases and tumor-like disorders and provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell malignancy with a typical course characterized by response to initial treatment and eventual resistance. Despite major advances in the clinical treatment of multiple myeloma driven by the introduction of new drugs (e.g., proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulators), MM remains incurable. Nevertheless, subsequent cycles of remission and relapse continue as long as new treatments are available to patients. With the development of many new treatments, the approval of 12 new drugs over the past 15 years, and the promising trend of clinical trials, the treatment landscape has dramatically changed and patient survival has improved. This article reviews the progress of new treatments for MM.