Abstract: Objective 　To investigate the death actuality and epidemic t rend of malignant tumor in Hubei province population. Methods 　The data of the third national ret rospective sampling death survey and the first national ret rospective sampling death survey was compared and analysed to change the t rend of ma2 lignant tumor mortality in Hubei province population. Results 　The crude mortality of malignant tumor increased f rom 68. 3/ 105 in 1971～1973 to 129. 0/ 105 in 2004～2005. The mortality of malignant tumors was higher in the male than in the female with a ratio of 1. 81. The top five malignant tumors causing death were liver cancer, lung cancer, stomach cancer, esophageal cancer and colorectal cancer. Conclusion 　The cancer mortality increased in the past thirty years. The mortalities significantly increased and de2 creased for cancers of lung and cervix, respectively. Liver cancer, lung cancer, stomach cancer, esopha2 geal cancer and colorectal cancer are the common causes of cancer death in our province.