Abstract: Thyroid cancer is the most common malignant tumor in the endocrine system, accounting for about 1% of all malignant tumors. At present, it has become a hot research topic to study the pathogenesis of thyroid cancer at the level of gene DNA. However, the role of different RNA molecules such as RNA, microRNA, lncRNA and circRNA in the pathogenesis of thyroid cancer remains unclear yet. In addition, studies have shown that RNA molecules such as RNA, lncRNA and circRNA constitute a dynamic molecular network. At present, there are mainly two regulatory networks, including lncRNA-microRNA-RNA and circRNA-microNA-RNA, which regulate gene expression, participate in the proliferation, invasion, migration and apoptosis of tumor cells, and regulate the occurrence and progression of thyroid cancer. However, the specific mechanism of different types of RNA molecules in thyroid cancer remains unclear. In this review, we will focus on the relation between RNA molecules such as RNA, microRNAs, lncRNA, circRNA, ceRNA and thyroid cancer, in order to elucidate the molecular mechanism of RNA related to thyroid cancer, and provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer.