肿瘤防治研究  2015, Vol. 42 Issue (5): 470-473
本刊由国家卫生和计划生育委员会主管,湖北省卫生厅、中国抗癌协会、湖北省肿瘤医院主办。
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文章信息

高芳,鲁林,秦金东,张彬,李晶晶,周成江,贾彦彬. 2015.
GAO Fang, LU Lin, QIN Jindong, ZHANG Bin, LI Jingjing, ZHOU Chengjiang, JIA Yanbin. 2015.
COX-2基因多态性与非贲门胃癌的发病风险关联
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in COX-2 Gene are Associated with Risk of Non-cardia Gastric Cancer
肿瘤防治研究, 2015, 42(05): 470-473
Cancer Research on Prevention and Treatment, 2015, 42 (05): 470-473
http://www.zlfzyj.com/CN/10.3971/j.issn.1000-8578.2015.05.010

文章历史

收稿日期:2014-07-23
修回日期:2014-11-19
COX-2基因多态性与非贲门胃癌的发病风险关联
高芳1, 鲁林2, 秦金东3, 张彬2, 李晶晶4, 周成江5, 贾彦彬5    
1. 014060 包头,包头医学院医学技术学院;
2. 014060 包头,包头医学院第一附属医院检验科;
3.014060 包头,包头医学院运动康复教研室;
4. 014060 包头,包钢第三职工医院检验科;
5. 014060 包头,包头医学院基础学院
摘要目的 检测COX-2基因单核苷酸多态性(SNP)rs689466rs5275rs4648308与非贲门胃癌发病风险的关系。方法 采用TaqMan法对288例非贲门胃癌患者和281例健康对照者所检测的3个SNP进行基因分型;采用Haploview软件构建单体型,并用非条件性Logistic回归计算比值比(OR)及其95%可信区间(CI),以评估各等位基因、基因型及单体型与非贲门胃癌发病风险的关系。结果 rs5275 C等位基因和rs4648308 A等位基因可增加非贲门胃癌的发病风险;rs5275 CT和CC基因型及rs4648308 GA基因型可使非贲门胃癌的发病风险增高(rs5275:CT vs. TT:OR=1.458,95%CI:1.015~2.096;CC vs. TT:OR=3.704,95%CI:1.184~11.59;rs4648308:GA vs. GG:OR=3.387,95%CI:1.953~5.872)。单体型分析结果显示:单体型ACA与GTG相比,可增加非贲门胃癌发病风险,OR=3.198,95%CI:1.854~5.516。结论 COX-2基因多态性rs5275rs4648308与非贲门胃癌发病风险关联。
关键词环氧合酶-2    基因多态性    非贲门胃癌    发病风险    
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in COX-2 Gene are Associated with Risk of Non-cardia Gastric Cancer
GAO Fang1, LU Lin2, QIN Jindong3, ZHANG Bin2, LI Jingjing4, ZHOU Chengjiang5, JIA Yanbin5    
1. School of Medical Technology, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, China;
2. Department of Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, China;
3. Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, China;
4. Department of Laboratory, The Third Worker Hospital of BAOGANG Group, Baotou 014060, China;
5. School of Basic Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, China
AbstractObjective To investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP), rs689466, rs5275, rs4648308, in COX-2 gene and the risk of non-cardia gastric cancer. Methods Three tested SNPs were genotyped by TaqMan method among 288 patients with non-cardia gastric cancer and 281 normal controls. Haplotype was constructed by Haploview software. Odds ratio(OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were measured by Logistic regression analysis to evaluate the correlations of the alleles, genotypes, and haplotypes with the susceptibility to non-cardia gastric cancer. Results SNP rs5275 C allele and rs4648308 A allele were significantly associated with an increased risk of non-cardia gastric cancer. And rs5275 CT, CC genotypes and rs4648308 GA genotype were also significantly associated with an increased risk of non-cardia gastric cancer (rs5275: CT vs. TT: OR=1.458, 95% CI: 1.015-2.096); CC vs. TT: OR=3.704, 95%CI: 1.184-11.59; rs4648308: GA vs. GG: OR=3.387, 95%CI:1.953-5.872). Furthermore, haplotype ACA was significantly associated with a higher risk of non-cardia gastric cancer, compared with GTG haplotype (OR=3.198, 95%CI: 1.854-5.516). Conclusion SNP rs5275 and rs4648308 in COX-2 gene are associated with the risk of non-cardia gastric cancer.
Key words: Cyclooxygenase-2    Gene polymorphism    Non-cardia gastric cancer    Risk    
0 引言

胃癌是复杂的多基因疾病,其中遗传因素和环境因素在疾病的发生及进展中都起到了重要的作用[1]。通过流行病学和动物实验研究,世界卫生组织将幽门螺旋杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,Hp)确定为胃的Ⅰ类致癌原[2]。然而在Hp感染者当中约10%~20%的人会发展成消化性溃疡,仅有1%~2%的人会发展成为胃癌[3],提示胃癌的发生并不是由单一的生物因素所致,而与宿主个体对肿瘤的易感性不同有关。

环氧合酶-2(cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2)与肿瘤的发生发展有密切的联系[4]。有研究表明,从胃癌的发生一直到转移的整个过程中均有COX-2的高表达[5, 6, 7]。而基因启动子区和3’非翻译区对COX-2的表达及其稳定性进行调控,这些区域内的多态性改变可能会影响基因的表达,从而改变个体对肿瘤的易感性。因此,在本研究中,我们通过病例对照关联研究的方法,探讨COX-2基因启动子区rs689466和3’区rs5275rs4648308与非贲门胃癌发病风险的关系。

1 资料和方法 1.1 研究样本

收集2008年9月至2010年6月期间包头市肿瘤医院经组织病理学诊断为非贲门胃癌的患者,共288例。其中男224例、女64例,年龄26~83岁,平均(59.48±11.23)岁,患者发病时均已在包头市居住5年以上,排除继发病例和复发病例,均未接受过化疗和放疗。健康对照来自同期社区体检人群,均无癌症病史,并在包头市居住5年以上,共281例。其中男220例、女61例,年龄26~85岁,平均59.10±11.57岁。所有样本均为汉族。健康对照和患者在年龄和性别方面相匹配(年龄:t=0.40,P=0.69;性别:χ2=0.02,P=0.88)。

1.2 基因分型

采用酚/氯仿抽提核酸的方法提取外周血白细胞中的DNA。用TaqMan法对3个SNP进行基因分型,操作按照生产厂商的说明进行(Applied Biosystems,Foster City,CA,USA)。基因分型在北京诺赛基因组有限公司完成。实验中设阴性对照和阳性对照,并随机挑取5%的样本进行重复基因型检测,结果一致率为100%。

1.3 统计学方法

采用SPSS13.0统计软件进行统计分析。用χ2检验检测基因型分布在健康对照中是否符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡;采用Haploview软件构建单体型。用非条件性Logistic回归计算比值比(odds ratio,OR)及其95%可信区间(confidence interval,CI),评价各等位基因、基因型以及单体型与非贲门胃癌发病风险的关系。

2 结果 2.1 COX-2单个SNP位点与非贲门胃癌发病风险的关系

在正常对照中,SNP rs689466rs5275rs4648308的基因型频率分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律(P>0.05)。SNP rs5275与非贲门胃癌关联,携带基因型CT和CC可使非贲门胃癌发病风险增高。同时结果显示:rs4648308与非贲门胃癌关联,携带有基因型GA的人具有较高的患病风险,见表 1

表 1 各SNP位点与非贲门胃癌的关系 Table 1 Association between SNPs and non-cardia gastric cancer
2.2 COX-2单体型与非贲门胃癌发病风险的关系

在正常对照组和病例组中,构成4个单体型。其中单体型GTG在对照和病例中频率最高,分别为0.468和0.444,单体型ACA与GTG相比,可增加发病风险,见表 2

表 2 COX-2基因各单体型与非贲门胃癌的关系 Table 2 Relationship between haplotypes in COX-2 gene and non-cardia gastric cancer
3 讨论

引起大家广泛重视的COX-2基因是一个非常重要的肿瘤相关基因。大量研究发现,COX-2基因序列中的SNP改变与食管癌、肺癌、乳腺癌、前列腺癌、胃癌等恶性肿瘤的发生密切相关[8, 9, 10, 11, 12]。由于胃癌的发生在不同人群中有遗传异质性。因此,我们在包头地区汉族人群中检测了COX-2基因启动子区SNP rs689466和3’区SNP rs5275rs4648308与非贲门胃癌的关系,发现SNP rs689466和非贲门胃癌的发病风险无关;而SNP rs5275rs4648308均增加了罹患非贲门胃癌的易感性。此外,单体型分析结果显示,与GTG相比,单体型ACA可增加非贲门胃癌的发病风险。

人类的COX-2基因位于染色体1q25.2-q25.3,由5’端的转录起始点上游区、蛋白质编码区(包括10个外显子和9个内含子)及3’UTR组成[13]。SNP rs689466位于COX-2基因启动子区,张雪梅等的研究显示:其G>A变异形成一个转录因子于c-MYB 结合位点,A等位基因使COX-2基因的表达水平显著高于G等位基因[14];同时还发现在中国汉族人群中A等位基因是食管癌的危险因素。而在我们的研究中,没有发现此SNP与非贲门胃癌有显著关联。结果的差异可能是由于不同的肿瘤类型造成的。

研究表明,COX-2在胃癌中的表达均有不同程度的上调[15]。SNP rs5275位于3’非编码区终止密码子的下游,该区域含大量的AU重复序列,能够直接或间接地影响COX-2的表达或酶的活性[16, 17]。事实上,已有大量流行病学研究报道了此多态性和不同类型的肿瘤有关。Langsenlehner等[18]研究显示在奥地利人群中CC基因型和乳腺癌的发病相关;Campa等[19]研究发现,C等位基因是非小细胞肺癌的危险因素;然而Hu等[20]研究却得到相反的结论:在中国汉族人群中T>C改变降低了肺癌的发病风险。在波兰人群中,携带CC/CT基因型能降低罹患胃癌的风险[21],是保护因素。本研究显示:在中国汉族人群中,SNP rs5275与非贲门胃癌关联,携带基因型CT和CC可使非贲门胃癌发病风险显著增高,携带CC基因型的个体罹患非贲门胃癌的风险增大3.704倍(95%CI: 1.184~11.59),提示T>C改变与非贲门胃癌关联。因此,SNP rs5275与肿瘤的关系可能因肿瘤的类型以及种族的不同而不同。此外,由于研究样本量不够多,易出现结果偏倚,我们的研究没有对基因型在各组的分布差异进行分层分析,例如性别、年龄、家族史等的相关性。

本研究还检测了COX-2基因的3’端下游的SNP rs4648308与非贲门胃癌的关系。结果显示,rs4648308与非贲门胃癌关联,携带GA基因型的个体罹患非贲门胃癌的风险增大到3.387倍(95%CI: 1.953~5.872)。值得关注的是,研究样本中rs4648308 AA基因型仅有1例,本研究只能视为初步研究,有关结论有必要进一步扩大样本验证。目前,关于SNP rs4648308与胃癌的关系还没有报道,所以,我们的研究还需要其他的研究进一步证实。

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COX-2基因多态性与非贲门胃癌的发病风险关联
高芳, 鲁林, 秦金东, 张彬, 李晶晶, 周成江, 贾彦彬