Abstract: Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide, ranking fourth in the incidence and mortality of cancer in China. In recent years, the incidence rate and mortality rate have shown an obvious upward trend, which seriously threatens the physical and mental health of human beings. With the development of medicine, research on standardized surgical procedures for colorectal cancer has made significant progress, and treatment plans from preoperative to postoperative have gradually improved. Standardized surgical procedures are of great significance in improving patient survival rates, reducing recurrence rates, minimizing complications, and improving quality of life. This article summarizes the latest research results on the classification, surgical methods, and adjuvant therapy of colorectal cancer surgery, analyzes and explores standardized surgical treatment strategies, and aims to provide reference and guidance for the clinical treatment of colorectal cancer.